Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the Dongping Agricultural Science Institute, Tai’an city, Shandong province from 2020 to 2021, using Denghai 605 (DH605) as the experimental material. The objective of the study is to explore the effects of K application on vascular system structure and material transport properties in summer maize, five K2O application rates of 0 kg hm-2 (K0), 150 kg hm-2 (K1), 225 kg hm-2 (K2), 300 kg hm-2 (K3), and 375 kg hm-2 (K4) were set under uniform N and P fertilizer rates (N 225 kg hm-2 and P2O5 110 kg hm-2). The results showed that maize leaf thickness, leaf vein cross-sectional area, and xylem area increased and then decreased with the increase of K application rates, and reached the maximum at K3 treatment. K application significantly increased the cross-sectional area, the number and area of small and big vascular bundles at the basal stalk and ear-pedicel in maize. The ratio of stalk vascular area to cross-sectional area reached the highest value at K2 treatment, while the ratio of ear-pedicel vascular was significantly higher in K2 and K4 treatments than in other treatments. The number and area of vascular bundles of ear-axis revealed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with K fertilization, and the total area of vascular bundles was significantly higher in K2 and K3 treatments than in other treatments. K application significantly increased the bleeding intensity of stem and ear-pedicel, both of which were the highest under K2 treatment at filling stage. Correlation analysis revealed that the total area and number of vascular bundles of the stem, the total area and total number of vascular bundles of the ear-pedicel were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The total area of vascular bundles of ear-axis were significantly and positively correlated with 1000-grain weight. In conclusion, K2 conditions promoted the development of the vascular systems in the leaves, stems, and ears of maize, increased the bleeding sap, and enhanced the fluidity of the “flow” system, thus improving grain yield in summer maize.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf thickness, leaf vein cross-sectional area, and xylem area rose then fell with potassium rate and peaked at K3.
- Treatment
- K application ratese0
- Outcome
- leaf thickness, leaf vein cross-sectional area, and xylem areae0
- Direction
- increased and then decreasede0
- Qualifier
- K3 treatmente0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize leaf thickness, leaf vein cross-sectional area, and xylem area increased and then decreased with the increase of K application rates, and reached the maximum at K3 treatment”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium increased basal stalk and ear-pedicel vascular bundle cross-sectional area, number, and area.
- Organ / stage
- basal stalk and ear-pedicele0
- Treatment
- K applicatione0
- Outcome
- cross-sectional area, the number and area of small and big vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K application significantly increased the cross-sectional area, the number and area of small and big vascular bundles at the basal stalk and ear-pedicel in maize”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The stalk vascular area ratio was highest under K2.
- Treatment
- K2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- ratio of stalk vascular area to cross-sectional areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of stalk vascular area to cross-sectional area reached the highest value at K2 treatment”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ear-pedicel vascular ratio was higher under K2 and K4 than under other treatments.
- Treatment
- K2 and K4 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ratio of ear-pedicel vasculare0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ratio of ear-pedicel vascular was significantly higher in K2 and K4 treatments than in other treatments”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-axis vascular bundle number and area first increased and then decreased with potassium fertilization.
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- number and area of vascular bundles of ear-axise0
- Direction
- increasing first and then decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number and area of vascular bundles of ear-axis revealed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with K fertilization”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-axis total vascular bundle area was higher under K2 and K3 than other treatments.
- Treatment
- K2 and K3 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total area of vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total area of vascular bundles was significantly higher in K2 and K3 treatments than in other treatments”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium increased stem and ear-pedicel bleeding intensity, highest under K2 at filling.
- Treatment
- K applicatione0
- Outcome
- bleeding intensity of stem and ear-pedicele0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- highest under K2 treatment at filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K application significantly increased the bleeding intensity of stem and ear-pedicel, both of which were the highest under K2 treatment at filling stage”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and ear-pedicel vascular bundle area and number correlated positively with grain yield.
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- total area and number of vascular bundlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total area and number of vascular bundles of the stem, the total area and total number of vascular bundles of the ear-pedicel were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear-axis total vascular bundle area correlated positively with 1000-grain weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total area of vascular bundles of ear-axis were significantly and positively correlated with 1000-grain weight”
t0“summer maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that K2 improved vascular development, sap flow, and grain yield.
- Treatment
- K2 conditionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- enhanced the fluidity of the “flow” systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K2 conditions promoted the development of the vascular systems in the leaves, stems, and ears of maize, increased the bleeding sap, and enhanced the fluidity of the “flow” system, thus improving grain yield in summer maize”