Abstract
Sunflower growth, yield and quality are significantly influenced by plant nutrition. The significance of micronutrients is frequently disregarded, despite the regular application of macronutrients like potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. A lack of these essential elements leads to reduced yield and poorer oil quality. Among the essential micronutrients, zinc (Zn), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) are particularly important for sunflower growth. Therefore, the present investigation aims to study the response of sunflower to different micronutrients with respect to growth, yield, quality parameters and economics. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design during kharif season of 2022 at Experimental Farm, Agronomy Section, Oilseeds Research Station, Latur. The treatments were T1 - Control, T2 - RDF (90:45:45 kg N:P:K ha-1), T3 - RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1, T4 - RDF + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1, T5 - RDF + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1, T6 - RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1, T7 - RDF + Multimicronutrient Grade-1 @ 25 kg ha-1, T8 - RDF + Multimicronutrient Grade-2 @ 0.2% at 20 DAS, T9 - RDF + Multimicronutrient Grade-1 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Multimicronutrient Grade-2 @ 0.2% at 20 DAS. The results showed that application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1 (T6) recorded highest growth indices viz. Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) expressed on a plant height and dry matter basis, Relative growth rate and Leaf area index. It also reported significantly highest “132% higher seed yield than control” (1791 vs 771 kg ha⁻¹) test weight, seed yield and oil content and oil yield. The benefit–cost (B:C) ratio ranged from 1.46 in the control to 2.66 under T6, indicating better economic viability of micronutrient supplementation. Treatments receiving combined or individual micronutrients in conjunction with RDF recorded higher B:C ratios than RDF alone, demonstrating improved profitability. Overall, the results clearly indicate that combined application of RDF with Zn, Fe, and B (T6) was the most economically profitable treatment, owing to higher seed yield and monetary returns despite a marginal increase in cost of cultivation. Similar trends were also recorded in the economical parameters of statistical data. Overall, the study concludes that balanced fertilization with micronutrients enhances growth, productivity, quality and profitability of sunflower.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The RDF with Zn, Fe and B treatment (T6) recorded the highest growth indices.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- growth indicese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1 (T6) recorded highest growth indices”
Claim · model-written summary
The RDF with Zn, Fe and B treatment (T6) gave 132% higher seed yield than control.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 132%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1 (T6) recorded highest growth indices”
e2“132% higher seed yield than control”
Claim · model-written summary
The RDF with Zn, Fe and B treatment (T6) recorded the highest test weight.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- test weighte3
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1 (T6) recorded highest growth indices”
e3“test weight, seed yield and oil content and oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The RDF with Zn, Fe and B treatment (T6) recorded the highest oil content and oil yield.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- oil content and oil yielde3
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e1“application of RDF + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2 kg ha-1 (T6) recorded highest growth indices”
e3“test weight, seed yield and oil content and oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit-cost ratio under T6 was 2.66, against 1.46 in the control.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- T6e4
- Outcome
- benefit–cost (B:C) ratioe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 2.66e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e4“The benefit–cost (B:C) ratio ranged from 1.46 in the control to 2.66 under T6”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments combining micronutrients with RDF recorded higher benefit-cost ratios than RDF alone.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- combined or individual micronutrients in conjunction with RDFe5
- Outcome
- B:C ratiose5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- RDF alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e5“Treatments receiving combined or individual micronutrients in conjunction with RDF recorded higher B:C ratios than RDF alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RDF with Zn, Fe and B (T6) was the most economically profitable treatment.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- combined application of RDF with Zn, Fe, and B (T6)e6
- Outcome
- economically profitablee6
- Direction
- most economically profitablee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e6“combined application of RDF with Zn, Fe, and B (T6) was the most economically profitable treatment, owing to higher seed yield and monetary returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar trends were recorded in the economical parameters of the statistical data.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- economical parameterse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e7“Similar trends were also recorded in the economical parameters of statistical data”
Claim · model-written summary
Balanced fertilization with micronutrients enhances growth, productivity, quality and profitability of sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse7
- Treatment
- balanced fertilization with micronutrientse7
- Outcome
- growth, productivity, quality and profitabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“balanced fertilization with micronutrients enhances growth, productivity, quality and profitability of sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
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- no effect
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- negative
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See all 12 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 13 papers →borax · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · quality: grain · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
borax · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.