Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a nutrient that regulates many vital functions of the human body, hence the demand for Zn in the balanced daily nutrition has to be covered. Priming of seeds with Zn for Zn-enriched sprout production can be considered a good alternative to artificial supplementation in a modern diet. Hence, the aim of our study was to determine the exposure level of Zn bringing neither risk for humans nor growth inhibition of enriched broccoli, pea and sunflower sprouts. Seeds treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 responded in a differentiated way to Zn. Pea seed germination and sprout growth was diminished by 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4, but for sunflower sprouts this Zn level resulted in the highest fresh mass and largest hypocotyls. Zn content in sprouts greatly increased in a dose-dependent manner, mostly in broccoli (up to 25 times) and peas (up to 4 times), and to a lesser extent (up to 120%) for sunflowers. Free radical scavenging activity was usually decreased. Considering the potential non-carcinogenic risk of sprouts consumption estimated by the hazard analysis, the safest exposure level for seed priming will be 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4. It was confirmed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses indicating no DNA variations in sprouts treated with 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 compared to the control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pea seed germination and sprout growth were diminished by 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and sprout growthe0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea seed germination and sprout growth was diminished by 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
In sunflower sprouts the 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 level resulted in the highest fresh mass and largest hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- fresh mass and largest hypocotylse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4, but for sunflower sprouts this Zn level resulted in the highest fresh mass and largest hypocotyls”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn content in broccoli sprouts increased greatly and dose-dependently with Zn seed treatment, up to 25 times.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 25 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn content in sprouts greatly increased in a dose-dependent manner, mostly in broccoli (up to 25 times) and peas (up to 4 times), and to a lesser extent (up to 120%) for sunflowers”
e1“Seeds treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 responded in a differentiated way to Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn content in pea sprouts increased dose-dependently with Zn seed treatment, up to 4 times.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 4 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn content in sprouts greatly increased in a dose-dependent manner, mostly in broccoli (up to 25 times) and peas (up to 4 times), and to a lesser extent (up to 120%) for sunflowers”
e1“Seeds treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 responded in a differentiated way to Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn content in sunflower sprouts increased dose-dependently with Zn seed treatment to a lesser extent, up to 120%.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse0 - Treatment
- 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 120%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn content in sprouts greatly increased in a dose-dependent manner, mostly in broccoli (up to 25 times) and peas (up to 4 times), and to a lesser extent (up to 120%) for sunflowers”
e1“Seeds treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 responded in a differentiated way to Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Free radical scavenging activity of the Zn-treated sprouts was usually decreased.
- Taxon
- broccoli, pea and sunflower sproutse2
- Treatment
- 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- Free radical scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Free radical scavenging activity was usually decreased”
e1“Seeds treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 responded in a differentiated way to Zn”
e2“broccoli, pea and sunflower sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 is the safest exposure level for seed priming for the sprouts.
Verbatim
e0“the safest exposure level for seed priming will be 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4”
e1“broccoli, pea and sunflower sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses showed no DNA variations in sprouts treated with 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“random amplification of polymorphic DNA analyses indicating no DNA variations in sprouts treated with 10 μg mL−1 ZnSO4 compared to the control”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
zinc sulfate · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.