Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) is a perennial emergent plant which is used in Green Floating Filters (GFFs), one of the most innovative systems of wastewater treatment to bioremediate eutrophic waters and produce biomass as biofuel feedstocks. The establishment of cattails in GFFs depends on the seed germination and plant responses under conditions of a new habitat. This study analysed the germination responses of four different populations of cattails through a thermal time model to know their basic parameters of germination and which population would be more adapted to the conditions tested. RESULTS: Seeds from the Badajoz (Ba), Cuenca (Cu), Madrid (Ma), Seville (Se) and Toledo (To) populations were exposed to different thermal regimes (constant, and alternating temperatures between 15 and 30 °C) and different darkness treatments (between 0 and 20 days with 24 h dark photoperiod, then exposed to light with 12 h light/dark photoperiod) to determine the parameters of the thermal model from germination levels in each treatment. To population was used to validate the thermal time parameters of other populations. Regardless of the other parameters, no germination occurred in total darkness. The mean value of base temperature (Tb) was 16.4 ± 0.2 °C in all treatments. Optimum temperature (To) values in Ma and Ba were 25 °C, and those in Cu and Se were 22.5 °C. The germination response decreased when the temperature approached Tb and increased when it was close to To. In comparison to alternating temperatures, constant temperatures had the highest germination response and lowest thermal time (θT(50)). Darkness treatments had a direct relationship with θT(50). The population origin also affected seed germination; Cu had the highest values of To and germination response but had a lower θT(50), which coincides with the lowest mean ambient temperatures. CONCLUSION: According to these results, the germination response of cattails was high in all populations under optimal conditions but was affected to a greater or lesser extent depending on thermal regimes, darkness treatments, and populations. The thermal time model allowed us to determine that To was between 22.5-25 °C and that Cu is the best population regarding the germination response under the conditions tested.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cattail seeds did not germinate in total darkness.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“no germination occurred in total darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean base temperature for germination was 16.4 ± 0.2 °C across treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“The mean value of base temperature (Tb) was 16.4 ± 0.2 °C in all treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum germination temperature was 25 °C in the Madrid and Badajoz populations.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“Optimum temperature (To) values in Ma and Ba were 25 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum germination temperature was 22.5 °C in the Cuenca and Seville populations.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“those in Cu and Se were 22.5 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased near the base temperature.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“The germination response decreased when the temperature approached Tb”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased near the optimum temperature.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“increased when it was close to To”
Claim · model-written summary
Constant temperatures gave higher germination response than alternating temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“In comparison to alternating temperatures, constant temperatures had the highest germination response”
Claim · model-written summary
Constant temperatures gave lower thermal time than alternating temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“In comparison to alternating temperatures, constant temperatures had the highest germination response and lowest thermal time (θT(50))”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness duration was directly related to thermal time.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“Darkness treatments had a direct relationship with θT(50).”
Claim · model-written summary
Population origin affected cattail seed germination.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“The population origin also affected seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cuenca population had the highest germination response.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“Cu had the highest values of To and germination response”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cuenca population had lower thermal time.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“Cu had the highest values of To and germination response but had a lower θT(50)”
Claim · model-written summary
The thermal time model identified Cuenca as the best population for germination under tested conditions.
Verbatim
e0“Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)”
e1“The thermal time model allowed us to determine that To was between 22.5-25 °C and that Cu is the best population regarding the germination response under the conditions tested.”