Abstract
This research aims to determine sustainable strategies to optimize crop growth and yield, by testing the possibilities of using light-emitting diode (LED) technique to influence the vegetative parameters of spinach. A speed-breeding chamber was constructed using LEDs as a light source under varying photoperiods (19, 17, 15, and 13 hours). The control was established to be the normal light duration of 11 hours during the study period. Spinach vegetative parameters involving morphological parameters such as stem length, root length, and leaf area as well as physiological parameters such as plant weight and percentage necrosis and chlorosis were investigated for 30 days after transplanting. The results showed a significant (p 0.05) increase in morphological parameters of spinach with increasing photoperiod. The spinach plant under the long photoperiod was observed to show the highest morphological and physiological properties. About a 30% increase in root length was observed in the speed-breeding chamber with the longest photoperiod duration compared to the control conditions. Significantly improved spinach plant weight was observed for 19-hour photoperiod compared to the shorter exposure (p 0.05). A lower percentage of necrosis and chlorosis was observed in spinach with longer LED exposure. This research indicated that LED-induced speed breeding is very effective in improving the vegetative properties of spinach. It can be argued that a 19-hour LED-induced photoperiod is the optimum photo duration required by spinach to improve vegetative growth. Future research should be conducted to investigate the influence of similar LED-induced photoperiods on other species of vegetables. Keywords: breeding chambers, light-emitting diode, photoduration, photoperiodic influence.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing photoperiod was associated with a significant increase in morphological parameters of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- increasing photoperiode0
- Outcome
- morphological parameterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant (p 0.05) increase in morphological parameters of spinach with increasing photoperiod”
Claim · model-written summary
The long photoperiod gave spinach the highest morphological and physiological properties.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- long photoperiode1
- Outcome
- morphological and physiological propertiese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The spinach plant under the long photoperiod was observed to show the highest morphological and physiological properties”
Claim · model-written summary
A 19-hour versus longer photoperiod comparison: about a 30% increase in spinach root length in the speed-breeding chamber with the longest photoperiod compared with control conditions.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- longest photoperiod duratione2
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 30%e2
- Comparator
- control conditionse2
- Setting
- speed-breeding chambere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant (p 0.05) increase in morphological parameters of spinach with increasing photoperiod”
e2“About a 30% increase in root length was observed in the speed-breeding chamber with the longest photoperiod duration compared to the control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
A 19-hour photoperiod significantly improved spinach plant weight compared with a shorter exposure.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae3
- Treatment
- 19-hour photoperiode3
- Outcome
- plant weighte3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- the shorter exposuree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Significantly improved spinach plant weight was observed for 19-hour photoperiod compared to the shorter exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer LED exposure lowered the percentage of necrosis and chlorosis in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae4
- Treatment
- longer LED exposuree4
- Outcome
- percentage of necrosis and chlorosise4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“A lower percentage of necrosis and chlorosis was observed in spinach with longer LED exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
A 19-hour LED-induced photoperiod is the optimum photoperiod for spinach vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae5
- Outcome
- optimum photo duratione5
- Value
- 19-houre5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“It can be argued that a 19-hour LED-induced photoperiod is the optimum photo duration required by spinach to improve vegetative growth”
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