Abstract
Introduction Nitrogen (N)-efficient wheat cultivars achieve higher grain yields with equivalent N fertilizer inputs, and the grain filling character largely determines grain weight (GW) in cereal crops. However, the relationship of grain filling traits and N responsiveness (N r ) in wheat has not been fully evaluated. Methods A two-year field experiment evaluated five wheat cultivars across varying N levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha −1 ) to assess how grain filling traits and N-related characteristics influence N r . Results The results showed that N-responsiveness wheat cultivars exhibited higher grain yields and critical N supply, alongside lower chlorophyll degradation rates (CDR). The direct path coefficient of GW on yield was 0.478, which explained 85.2% of the yield variation and was negatively correlated with other yield components. Across the combinations of cultivar and N supply, the variation in GW was primarily driven by the duration of fast-increase period (T fast ), rather than by the duration of slow-increase period ( T slow ) and slight-increase period (T slight ). Furthermore, the sensitivity of T fast to N supply explained the N r of grain yield in wheat. Structural equation modeling showed that adequate pre-anthesis N accumulation was the dominant factor driving the extension of T fast in high N-responsiveness wheat cultivates, secondary to lower CDR, which ultimately resulted in the highest GW. In addition, prolonging T fast induced enhanced post-anthesis N translocation in wheat, which contributed to higher N use efficiency (NUE). Discussion Prolonging the T fast enhances N responsiveness in wheat grain yield, providing a novel framework for evaluating NUE. This finding also highlights the critical role of elevated N accumulation at anthesis under N fertilization.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-responsive wheat cultivars had higher grain yields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- N-responsiveness wheat cultivarse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N-responsiveness wheat cultivars exhibited higher grain yields and critical N supply, alongside lower chlorophyll degradation rates (CDR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-responsive wheat cultivars had higher critical nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- N-responsiveness wheat cultivarse0
- Outcome
- critical N supplye0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N-responsiveness wheat cultivars exhibited higher grain yields and critical N supply, alongside lower chlorophyll degradation rates (CDR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-responsive wheat cultivars had lower chlorophyll degradation rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- N-responsiveness wheat cultivarse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll degradation rates (CDR)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N-responsiveness wheat cultivars exhibited higher grain yields and critical N supply, alongside lower chlorophyll degradation rates (CDR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight had a direct path coefficient of 0.478 on yield and explained 85.2% of yield variation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The direct path coefficient of GW on yield was 0.478, which explained 85.2% of the yield variation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was negatively correlated with other yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GWe0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Comparator
- other yield componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GW on yield was 0.478, which explained 85.2% of the yield variation and was negatively correlated with other yield components”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight variation was primarily driven by the duration of the fast-increase period.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- fast-increase period (T fast )e0
- Outcome
- variation in GWe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the variation in GW was primarily driven by the duration of fast-increase period (T fast ), rather than by the duration of slow-increase period ( T slow ) and slight-increase period (T slight )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity of the fast-increase period to nitrogen supply explained nitrogen responsiveness of grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- N r of grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitivity of T fast to N supply explained the N r of grain yield in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation was the dominant factor extending the fast-increase period in highly nitrogen-responsive cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- extension of T faste0
- Qualifier
- adequate pre-anthesis N accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adequate pre-anthesis N accumulation was the dominant factor driving the extension of T fast in high N-responsiveness wheat cultivates”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower chlorophyll degradation was a secondary factor extending the fast-increase period.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- highest GWe0
- Qualifier
- lower CDRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“secondary to lower CDR, which ultimately resulted in the highest GW”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer fast-increase period enhanced post-anthesis nitrogen translocation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- post-anthesis N translocatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- prolonging T faste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prolonging T fast induced enhanced post-anthesis N translocation in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced post-anthesis nitrogen translocation contributed to higher nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- enhanced post-anthesis N translocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced post-anthesis N translocation in wheat, which contributed to higher N use efficiency (NUE)”