Abstract
Cotton production in the Texas High Plains faces significant challenges due to water scarcity resulting from uneven rainfall patterns and declining levels of the Ogallala aquifer. Deficit or reduced irrigation is one of the most common water management strategies to increase water use efficiency and cotton productivity in the region. However, deficit irrigation can affect herbicide efficacy on weeds. This study investigates how varying irrigation levels affect herbicide efficacy on weeds in cotton production systems. A two-year field study was conducted at Texas Tech University Quaker Research Farm in 2023 and 2024. The experiment was randomized three times in a split-plot design with two irrigation levels: I1 [100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement] and I2 [50% ETc replacement] as the main plot factor and different pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicide combinations as the subplot factor. Results indicated that reducing the irrigation level to I2 did not affect the total weed density or biomass production but resulted in decreased Palmer amaranth height and biomass production compared to I1. Among herbicide treatments, acetochlor, prometryn, or smetolachlor PRE fb glyphosate + acetochlor, prometryn, or s-metolachlor POST provided the most effective weed control, reducing total weed density, Palmer amaranth weed density and biomass compared to the untreated control and to PRE alone. Although I2 resulted in lower plant height in both years than I1, it produced comparable cotton biomass and lint yield. Among the herbicide treatments, PRE fb glyphosate + residual herbicide POST yielded significantly higher lint yield than the untreated control in both years. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that deficit irrigation is an effective water conservation technique that maintains cotton yield and herbicide efficacy. Additionally, using PRE fb POST herbicide combinations, farmers can achieve effective weed control and sustain cotton productivity in semi-arid regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation did not affect total weed density or biomass production.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- I2e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed density or biomass productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- Texas High Plainse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the irrigation level to I2 did not affect the total weed density or biomass production”
e1“Cotton production in the Texas High Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 decreased Palmer amaranth height and biomass relative to I1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- I2e0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth height and biomass productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- I1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I2 did not affect the total weed density or biomass production but resulted in decreased Palmer amaranth height and biomass production compared to I1”
e1“cotton production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE followed by glyphosate plus residual herbicide POST reduced total weed density compared with untreated control and PRE alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- acetochlor, prometryn, or smetolachlor PRE fb glyphosate + acetochlor, prometryn, or s-metolachlor POSTe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- untreated control and to PRE alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetochlor, prometryn, or smetolachlor PRE fb glyphosate + acetochlor, prometryn, or s-metolachlor POST provided the most effective weed control, reducing total weed density, Palmer amaranth weed density and biomass compared to the untreated control and to PRE alone”
e1“cotton production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The same herbicide sequence reduced Palmer amaranth density and biomass compared with untreated control and PRE alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- acetochlor, prometryn, or smetolachlor PRE fb glyphosate + acetochlor, prometryn, or s-metolachlor POSTe0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- untreated control and to PRE alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetochlor, prometryn, or smetolachlor PRE fb glyphosate + acetochlor, prometryn, or s-metolachlor POST provided the most effective weed control, reducing total weed density, Palmer amaranth weed density and biomass compared to the untreated control and to PRE alone”
e1“cotton production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 produced lower cotton plant height than I1 in both years.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- I2e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
- Comparator
- I1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I2 resulted in lower plant height in both years than I1”
e1“Cotton production in the Texas High Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
I2 produced cotton biomass and lint yield comparable to I1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- I2e1
- Outcome
- cotton biomass and lint yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- I1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it produced comparable cotton biomass and lint yield”
e1“I2 resulted in lower plant height in both years than I1”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE followed by glyphosate plus residual herbicide POST gave significantly higher cotton lint yield than untreated control in both years.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- PRE fb glyphosate + residual herbicide POSTe0
- Outcome
- lint yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE fb glyphosate + residual herbicide POST yielded significantly higher lint yield than the untreated control in both years”
e1“cotton production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend deficit irrigation to conserve water while maintaining cotton yield and herbicide efficacy.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- deficit irrigation is an effective water conservation technique that maintains cotton yield and herbicide efficacye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation is an effective water conservation technique that maintains cotton yield and herbicide efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend PRE followed by POST herbicide combinations for weed control and cotton productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- using PRE fb POST herbicide combinations, farmers can achieve effective weed control and sustain cotton productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using PRE fb POST herbicide combinations, farmers can achieve effective weed control and sustain cotton productivity in semi-arid regions”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 14 papers →glyphosate · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 37 papers →acetochlor · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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prometryn · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →herbicide · quality: grain · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.