Abstract
To address seed decay in direct-seeded rice caused by waterlogging resulting from inadequate field leveling, this study conducted split-split-plot field experiments in Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province (103°38'31''-103°39'22'' E, 30°33'16''-30°33'54'' N). Specifically, two hybrid rice varieties previously identified as flood-resistant (V1: Jinyou 1319) and flood-sensitive (V2: Jingliangyou 1377) were assigned to the main plots, wet direct seeding (P1) and water direct seeding (P2) were compared in the subplots, and the coating (C1) and no-coating (C2) treatments were applied to the sub-subplots. In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively, the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively, and the seed setting rate improved by 15.05% and 16.64%, respectively. This synergy boosted the yields of the two varieties by 23.15% and 31.77%. In particular, the yield of V2 with water direct seeding with coating matched that under wet direct seeding without coating. With little difference in total energy consumption (≤ 1.88%), the sensitive variety with water direct seeding and coating saved irrigation water and labor inputs by 13% and 17%, respectively, in the demonstration area (calculated based on the input of the demonstration area). With water direct seeding, the stable oxygen supply from the coating improved the seed germination rate and seedling growth vitality, especially for the sensitive variety. Thus, the oxygen-releasing coating achieved yield increases, resource conservation, and efficiency enhancement synergistically, providing a valuable solution for the development of direct-seeded rice in China's hilly regions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jinyou 1319 seedling percentage by 25.58%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Jinyou 1319e1
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- seedling percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively”
e1“V1: Jinyou 1319”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jingliangyou 1377 seedling percentage by 78.54%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jingliangyou 1377e1
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- seedling percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 78.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively”
e1“V2: Jingliangyou 1377”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jinyou 1319 effective panicles by 4.69%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jinyou 1319e2
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge1
- Outcome
- number of effective paniclese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively”
e1“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively, the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively”
e2“V1: Jinyou 1319”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jingliangyou 1377 effective panicles by 12.95%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jingliangyou 1377e2
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge1
- Outcome
- number of effective paniclese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively”
e1“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively, the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively”
e2“V2: Jingliangyou 1377”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jinyou 1319 seed setting rate by 15.05%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jinyou 1319e2
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge1
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 15.05%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seed setting rate improved by 15.05% and 16.64%, respectively”
e1“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively, the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively, and the seed setting rate improved by 15.05% and 16.64%, respectively”
e2“V1: Jinyou 1319”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jingliangyou 1377 seed setting rate by 16.64%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jingliangyou 1377e2
- Treatment
- coating treatment with water direct seedinge1
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 16.64%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seed setting rate improved by 15.05% and 16.64%, respectively”
e1“In the coating treatment with water direct seeding, the seedling percentage of V1 and V2 increased by 25.58% and 78.54%, respectively, the number of effective panicles increased by 4.69% and 12.95%, respectively, and the seed setting rate improved by 15.05% and 16.64%, respectively”
e2“V2: Jingliangyou 1377”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jinyou 1319 yield by 23.15%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jinyou 1319e1
- Treatment
- coatinge2
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 23.15%e0
- Comparator
- no-coatinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This synergy boosted the yields of the two varieties by 23.15% and 31.77%”
e1“V1: Jinyou 1319”
e2“coating (C1) and no-coating (C2) treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating raised Jingliangyou 1377 yield by 31.77%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jingliangyou 1377e1
- Treatment
- coatinge2
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 31.77%e0
- Comparator
- no-coatinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This synergy boosted the yields of the two varieties by 23.15% and 31.77%”
e1“V2: Jingliangyou 1377”
e2“coating (C1) and no-coating (C2) treatments”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive variety yield under coated water seeding matched uncoated wet seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Jingliangyou 1377e1
- Treatment
- water direct seeding with coatinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- matchede0
- Comparator
- wet direct seeding without coatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of V2 with water direct seeding with coating matched that under wet direct seeding without coating”
e1“V2: Jingliangyou 1377”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total energy consumption differed by at most 1.88%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- total energy consumptione0
- Direction
- little differencee0
- Value
- ≤ 1.88%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“little difference in total energy consumption (≤ 1.88%)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated water direct seeding saved 13% irrigation water for the sensitive variety.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive varietye0
- Treatment
- water direct seeding and coatinge0
- Outcome
- irrigation watere0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitive variety with water direct seeding and coating saved irrigation water and labor inputs by 13% and 17%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated water direct seeding saved 17% labor for the sensitive variety.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sensitive varietye0
- Treatment
- water direct seeding and coatinge0
- Outcome
- labor inputse0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitive variety with water direct seeding and coating saved irrigation water and labor inputs by 13% and 17%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating improved rice germination under water direct seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coatinge0
- Outcome
- seed germination ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With water direct seeding, the stable oxygen supply from the coating improved the seed germination rate and seedling growth vitality”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coating improved rice seedling growth vitality under water direct seeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coatinge0
- Outcome
- seedling growth vitalitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With water direct seeding, the stable oxygen supply from the coating improved the seed germination rate and seedling growth vitality”
t0“rice”
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