Abstract
Introduction Xinjiang is a high-yielding region for soybean in China, but issues such as low nitrogen use efficiency limit yield. Optimizing nitrogen fertilization strategies can effectively alleviate these problems. Methods A two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons using a split-plot design. Two soybean cultivars, the low-yielding Xindadou 27 and the high-yielding Xinnongdou 2, were planted in the main plots. Four nitrogen application rates were applied in the subplots: 0, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha -1 . Results The application of 180 kg ha -1 nitrogen significantly increased root dry weight density, length density, and surface area density in the 0–60 cm soil layer, mainly through increases in the 0–20 cm soil layer. This treatment also enhanced the activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR and GS/GOGAT) in roots, promoting nitrogen uptake and translocation to shoots, which increased both yield and shoot nitrogen accumulation. The higher accumulation rate and longer duration under the 180 kg N ha -1 application rate resulted in the highest root nitrogen accumulation. In contrast, a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1 inhibited root growth, disrupted root nitrogen metabolism, and reduced root nitrogen accumulation. Structural equation modeling confirmed that root growth parameters have a positive influence on root nitrogen accumulation. Discussion This study demonstrates that application of 180 kg N ha -1 at the beginning pod stage promotes root development, improves NUE and yield for spring soybean in Xinjiang. It is recommended as a sustainable high-yield practice for the region.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 180 kg N/ha significantly increased root dry weight, length and surface area density in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- application of 180 kg ha -1 nitrogene1
- Outcome
- root dry weight density, length density, and surface area densitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- mainly through increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of 180 kg ha -1 nitrogen significantly increased root dry weight density, length density, and surface area density”
e2“mainly through increases”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 180 kg N/ha treatment enhanced the activities of NR and GS/GOGAT enzymes in soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- This treatmente3
- Gene
- NR and GS/GOGATe3
- Outcome
- activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymese3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This treatment also enhanced the activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR and GS/GOGAT) in roots”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 180 kg N/ha treatment increased soybean yield and shoot nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- This treatmente3
- Outcome
- yield and shoot nitrogen accumulatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This treatment also enhanced the activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR and GS/GOGAT) in roots”
e4“promoting nitrogen uptake and translocation to shoots, which increased both yield and shoot nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 180 kg N/ha rate under higher accumulation rate and longer duration gave the highest root nitrogen accumulation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 180 kg N ha -1 application ratee5
- Outcome
- root nitrogen accumulatione5
- Direction
- resulted in the higheste5
- Qualifier
- higher accumulation rate and longer duratione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The higher accumulation rate and longer duration under the 180 kg N ha -1 application rate resulted in the highest root nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 240 kg N/ha rate inhibited soybean root growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1e6
- Outcome
- root growthe6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1 inhibited root growth”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 240 kg N/ha rate disrupted root nitrogen metabolism in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1e6
- Outcome
- root nitrogen metabolisme7
- Direction
- disruptede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1 inhibited root growth”
e7“disrupted root nitrogen metabolism”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 240 kg N/ha rate reduced root nitrogen accumulation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1e6
- Outcome
- root nitrogen accumulatione7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg N ha -1 inhibited root growth”
e7“reduced root nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth parameters have a positive influence on root nitrogen accumulation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- root growth parameterse0
- Outcome
- root nitrogen accumulatione0
- Direction
- positive influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Structural equation modeling confirmed that root growth parameters have a positive influence on root nitrogen accumulation”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 180 kg N/ha at the beginning pod stage is recommended as a sustainable high-yield practice for spring soybean in Xinjiang.
- Taxon
- spring soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- application of 180 kg N ha -1 at the beginning pod stagee1
- Outcome
- sustainable high-yield practicee0
- Setting
- Xinjiange1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is recommended as a sustainable high-yield practice for the region”
e1“application of 180 kg N ha -1 at the beginning pod stage promotes root development, improves NUE and yield for spring soybean in Xinjiang”
t0“in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 180 kg N/ha at the beginning pod stage improves NUE and yield of spring soybean.
- Taxon
- spring soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- application of 180 kg N ha -1 at the beginning pod stagee0
- Outcome
- NUE and yielde1
- Direction
- improvese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 180 kg N ha -1 at the beginning pod stage promotes root development, improves NUE and yield for spring soybean in Xinjiang”
e1“improves NUE and yield”
t0“in soybean”
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