Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma represents an emerging technology with promising applications in agriculture. Plasma-activated water (PAW), an environmentally friendly technology, typically exhibits acidic properties and has been widely reported to enhance plant germination and growth through the action of reactive species. However, the effects of plasma-activated water with alkaline characteristics remain completely unknown. This study investigated the effects of alkaline plasma-activated water (APAW), enriched with reactive species generated through plasma electrolysis, on soil pH optimization and the enhancement of wheat germination, growth, and spike birth. Germination was evaluated by soaking seeds in tap water (TW) and alkaline plasma-activated water (APAW). After 1 day of soaking, the average germination percentage, germination speed, and germination rate were significantly higher in samples treated with alkaline APAW compared to those TW. The average seed vigor index in the APAW group was higher than that in the TW group after 2 and 4 days of treatment. Compared to the hydrogen ion concentration, the influence percentage of hydrogen peroxide concentration and oxidation-reduction potential on root and shoot length was greater than that of nitrite and nitrate ion concentrations. Growth parameters, soil pH, and spike birth were evaluated across four samples: AC (seeds soaked and irrigated with tap water), AD (seeds soaked with tap water and irrigated with APAW), BE (seeds soaked with APAW and irrigated with tap water), and BF (seeds soaked and irrigated with APAW). Samples irrigated with APAW exhibited the highest growth rates and the greatest increase in soil pH. Notably, spike birth was observed exclusively in APAW-irrigated samples throughout the 100-day experimental period.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
One day of APAW soaking significantly increased wheat germination percentage, speed, and rate versus tap water.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- alkaline APAWe0
- Outcome
- average germination percentage, germination speed, and germination ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- After 1 day of soakinge0
- Comparator
- tap water (TW)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“After 1 day of soaking, the average germination percentage, germination speed, and germination rate were significantly higher in samples treated with alkaline APAW compared to those TW.”
e1“Germination was evaluated by soaking seeds in tap water (TW) and alkaline plasma-activated water (APAW).”
Claim · model-written summary
APAW soaking raised wheat seed vigor index after 2 and 4 days versus tap water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APAWe0
- Outcome
- average seed vigor indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- after 2 and 4 days of treatmente0
- Comparator
- TWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The average seed vigor index in the APAW group was higher than that in the TW group after 2 and 4 days of treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide concentration and redox potential had greater influence on wheat root and shoot length than nitrite and nitrate concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nitrite and nitrate ion concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“the influence percentage of hydrogen peroxide concentration and oxidation-reduction potential on root and shoot length was greater than that of nitrite and nitrate ion concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
APAW irrigation produced the highest wheat growth rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APAWe0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Samples irrigated with APAW exhibited the highest growth rates and the greatest increase in soil pH.”
Claim · model-written summary
APAW irrigation produced the greatest increase in soil pH in wheat cultivation samples.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APAWe0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Samples irrigated with APAW exhibited the highest growth rates and the greatest increase in soil pH.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat spike birth occurred exclusively in APAW-irrigated samples during 100 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- APAW-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- spike birth was observed exclusivelye0
- Qualifier
- 100-day experimental periode0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“spike birth was observed exclusively in APAW-irrigated samples throughout the 100-day experimental period.”
The same questions in other papers
physical treatment · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 15 papers →alkalinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.