Abstract
We tested wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under five different saline and alkaline stress (9:1 molar ratio of NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 and 9:1 molar ratio of NaHCO 3 /Na 2 CO 3 , respectively) regimes of differing severity for 7 d, comparing growth, germination, and ionic balance of wheat seedlings, to elucidate the mechanism of alkaline stress (high pH) damage to wheat, and it physiological adaptive mechanism to alkaline stress. We found that alkalinity had a more severe effect on wheat seedlings than salinity, preventing germination before and after recovery, and severely inhibiting shoot and root growth. Plants responded to both saline and alkaline stress by accumulating Na + at the expense of K + , and by accumulating soluble osmolytes, but these effects were more pronounced under alkaline stress than saline stress. Alkaline stress also induced several specific responses such as the inhibition of fructan synthesis (fructan levels increased in response to salinity), the accumulation of organic acids, the accumulation of Ca 2+ and the depletion of H 2 PO 4 − The results suggest that specific damage caused by alkaline stress might reflect a massive influx of Na + , resulting in a severe deficit of negative charge. The plants respond by trying to restore the osmotic balance and synthesizing organic acids as counter‐ions to address the intracellular ion imbalance. These data provide important leads in the development of engineered wheat plants with improved stress tolerance.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity was more damaging than salinity to wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- effect on wheat seedlingse0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that alkalinity had a more severe effect on wheat seedlings than salinity, preventing germination before and after recovery, and severely inhibiting shoot and root growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity prevented wheat germination before and after recovery.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- germination before and after recoverye0
- Direction
- preventinge0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that alkalinity had a more severe effect on wheat seedlings than salinity, preventing germination before and after recovery, and severely inhibiting shoot and root growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity severely inhibited wheat shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that alkalinity had a more severe effect on wheat seedlings than salinity, preventing germination before and after recovery, and severely inhibiting shoot and root growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both stresses caused sodium accumulation at the expense of potassium, more strongly under alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saline and alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulating Na + at the expense of K +e0
- Direction
- accumulatinge0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced under alkaline stress than saline stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants responded to both saline and alkaline stress by accumulating Na + at the expense of K + , and by accumulating soluble osmolytes, but these effects were more pronounced under alkaline stress than saline stress.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Both stresses led to osmolyte accumulation, more strongly under alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- saline and alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble osmolytese0
- Direction
- accumulatinge0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced under alkaline stress than saline stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants responded to both saline and alkaline stress by accumulating Na + at the expense of K + , and by accumulating soluble osmolytes, but these effects were more pronounced under alkaline stress than saline stress.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress inhibited fructan synthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- fructan synthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress also induced several specific responses such as the inhibition of fructan synthesis (fructan levels increased in response to salinity), the accumulation of organic acids, the accumulation of Ca 2+ and the depletion of H 2 PO 4 −”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased fructan levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- fructan levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fructan levels increased in response to salinity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress accumulated organic acids.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- organic acidse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress also induced several specific responses such as the inhibition of fructan synthesis (fructan levels increased in response to salinity), the accumulation of organic acids, the accumulation of Ca 2+ and the depletion of H 2 PO 4 −”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress accumulated calcium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- Ca 2+e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress also induced several specific responses such as the inhibition of fructan synthesis (fructan levels increased in response to salinity), the accumulation of organic acids, the accumulation of Ca 2+ and the depletion of H 2 PO 4 −”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress depleted phosphate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- H 2 PO 4 −e0
- Direction
- depletione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline stress also induced several specific responses such as the inhibition of fructan synthesis (fructan levels increased in response to salinity), the accumulation of organic acids, the accumulation of Ca 2+ and the depletion of H 2 PO 4 −”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest sodium influx could cause negative-charge deficit under alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- severe deficit of negative chargee0
- Qualifier
- massive influx of Na +e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific damage caused by alkaline stress might reflect a massive influx of Na + , resulting in a severe deficit of negative charge.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat may synthesize organic acids as counter-ions to restore osmotic and ion balance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- restore the osmotic balancee0
- Qualifier
- synthesizing organic acids as counter‐ionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants respond by trying to restore the osmotic balance and synthesizing organic acids as counter‐ions to address the intracellular ion imbalance.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
alkalinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.