Abstract
Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance, yet its physiological responses under different cropping systems remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to examine how monoculture (C), maize intercropping (MC) and wheat intercropping (WC) modulate drought-induced changes in photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress under three soil moisture levels (CK, 80% CK and 60% CK). Drought reduced plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM) and photosynthetic performance across all planting patterns, with progressive soil moisture reduction causing declines in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and pigment contents. Clear differences occurred among cropping systems. MC consistently maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, with Pn, Gs and Tr being approximately 40–60% higher than in WC and 15–30% higher than in C under drought. MC also showed smaller decreases in chlorophyll pigments and less reduction in maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), indicating greater stronger photochemical stability. In contrast, WC intensified drought stress, exhibiting the highest levels of proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD). PCA analysis further indicated clear physiological differentiation: MC aligned with photosynthesis-related traits, whereas WC clustered with osmotic and oxidative stress indicators. Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water. These findings provide physiological evidence to guide the optimisation of intercropping strategies to improve drought resilience in arid environments.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced plant height, shoot dry mass and photosynthetic performance of Cyperus esculentus across all planting patterns.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentus
Cyperus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- Droughte7
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM) and photosynthetic performancee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e7“Drought reduced plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM) and photosynthetic performance across all planting patterns, with progressive soil moisture reduction causing declines in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and pigment contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Progressive soil moisture reduction caused declines in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of Cyperus esculentus.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- progressive soil moisture reductione7
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr)e7
- Direction
- declinese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e7“Drought reduced plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM) and photosynthetic performance across all planting patterns, with progressive soil moisture reduction causing declines in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and pigment contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Progressive soil moisture reduction caused declines in pigment contents of Cyperus esculentus.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- progressive soil moisture reductione7
- Outcome
- pigment contentse7
- Direction
- declinese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e7“Drought reduced plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM) and photosynthetic performance across all planting patterns, with progressive soil moisture reduction causing declines in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and pigment contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, maize intercropping had net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate approximately 40–60% higher than wheat intercropping.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- maize intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- Pn, Gs and Tre2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 40–60%e2
- Qualifier
- under droughte2
- Comparator
- WCe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e2“MC consistently maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, with Pn, Gs and Tr being approximately 40–60% higher than in WC and 15–30% higher than in C under drought”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, maize intercropping had net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate approximately 15–30% higher than monoculture.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- maize intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- Pn, Gs and Tre2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 15–30%e2
- Qualifier
- under droughte2
- Comparator
- Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e2“MC consistently maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, with Pn, Gs and Tr being approximately 40–60% higher than in WC and 15–30% higher than in C under drought”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping showed smaller decreases in chlorophyll pigments under drought.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- maize intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigmentse3
- Direction
- smaller decreasese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e3“MC also showed smaller decreases in chlorophyll pigments and less reduction in maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), indicating greater stronger photochemical stability”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping showed less reduction in Fv/Fm and ΦPSII under drought.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- maize intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII)e3
- Direction
- less reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e3“MC also showed smaller decreases in chlorophyll pigments and less reduction in maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), indicating greater stronger photochemical stability”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping showed the highest levels of proline, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde under drought.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS), malondialdehyde (MDA)e4
- Direction
- highest levelse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e4“In contrast, WC intensified drought stress, exhibiting the highest levels of proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD)”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping showed the highest peroxidase activity under drought.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e4
- Direction
- highest levelse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e4“In contrast, WC intensified drought stress, exhibiting the highest levels of proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD)”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping clustered with photosynthesis-related traits in principal component analysis.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- MCe5
- Outcome
- photosynthesis-related traitse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e5“PCA analysis further indicated clear physiological differentiation: MC aligned with photosynthesis-related traits, whereas WC clustered with osmotic and oxidative stress indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping clustered with osmotic and oxidative stress indicators in principal component analysis.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- WCe5
- Outcome
- osmotic and oxidative stress indicatorse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e5“PCA analysis further indicated clear physiological differentiation: MC aligned with photosynthesis-related traits, whereas WC clustered with osmotic and oxidative stress indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- maize intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damagee6
- Direction
- reducede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses.
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- wheat intercroppinge6
- Outcome
- stress responsese6
- Direction
- strongere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat intercropping may stronger stress responses through increased competition for shallow soil water (hypothesis).
- Taxon
- Cyperus esculentusCyperus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- stronger stress responsese6
- Qualifier
- increased competition for shallow soil watere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cyperus esculentus is widely cultivated in arid regions for its drought tolerance”
e6“Overall, maize intercropping was associated with reduced drought-induced photochemical inhibition and oxidative damage, whereas wheat intercropping was associated with stronger stress responses, potentially related to increased competition for shallow soil water”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · physiology: photosynthesis · Cyperus esculentusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
drought · growth · Cyperus esculentusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.