Abstract
ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are critical for fungal physiology, but their roles in coordinating fungal metabolic byproducts and chemical defense are poorly understood. Using oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) as a model, this study investigated the distinct functions of two NOXs (PoNoxA and PoNoxB) in defense against brown blotch disease (BBD) pathogen Pseudomonas tolaasii . PoNoxA overexpression significantly enhanced BBD resistance, while its silencing increases susceptibility. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses uncovered that PoNoxA specially upregulated organooxygen compounds, fatty acyls, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. This coordination triggered the accumulation of three antimicrobial metabolites, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and (-)-dihydrocarveol. These metabolites exhibited potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, inhibiting 93.9–99.5% of P. tolaasii and 62.8–99.5% of Escherichia coli growth, with IC 50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.5 mM. Furthermore, external application of these metabolites to postharvest bananas and peppers extends shelf life by 4–6 days without altering sensory quality. Our results identify PoNoxA as a key regulator that bridges fungal immune activation to the biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites, and demonstrate the potential of these naturally derived compounds as effective and sustainable candidates to synthetic preservatives for agricultural disease management and food safety applications.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PoNoxA overexpression enhanced oyster mushroom disease resistance.
- Taxon
- Pleurotus ostreatus
Pleurotus ostreatuse0 - Treatment
- PoNoxA overexpressione1
- Gene
- PoNoxAe1
- Outcome
- BBD resistancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) as a model”
e1“PoNoxA overexpression significantly enhanced BBD resistance, while its silencing increases susceptibility.”
Claim · model-written summary
PoNoxA silencing increased oyster mushroom susceptibility.
- Taxon
- Pleurotus ostreatusPleurotus ostreatuse0
- Treatment
- silencinge1
- Gene
- PoNoxAe1
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) as a model”
e1“PoNoxA overexpression significantly enhanced BBD resistance, while its silencing increases susceptibility.”
Claim · model-written summary
PoNoxA upregulated organooxygen, fatty acyl and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.
- Taxon
- Pleurotus ostreatusPleurotus ostreatuse0
- Gene
- PoNoxAe1
- Outcome
- organooxygen compounds, fatty acyls, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathwayse1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) as a model”
e1“Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses uncovered that PoNoxA specially upregulated organooxygen compounds, fatty acyls, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.”
Claim · model-written summary
This coordination triggered accumulation of three antimicrobial metabolites in oyster mushroom.
- Taxon
- Pleurotus ostreatusPleurotus ostreatuse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of three antimicrobial metabolites, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and (-)-dihydrocarveole1
- Qualifier
- This coordinatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) as a model”
e1“This coordination triggered the accumulation of three antimicrobial metabolites, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and (-)-dihydrocarveol.”
Claim · model-written summary
The metabolites inhibited P. tolaasii growth by 93.9–99.5% in vitro.
- Taxon
- P. tolaasiiPseudomonas tolaasiie0
- Treatment
- These metabolitese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Value
- 93.9–99.5%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These metabolites exhibited potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, inhibiting 93.9–99.5% of P. tolaasii and 62.8–99.5% of Escherichia coli growth, with IC 50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.5 mM.”
Claim · model-written summary
The metabolites inhibited Escherichia coli growth by 62.8–99.5% in vitro.
- Taxon
- Escherichia coli
.jpg?width=60)
Escherichia colie0 - Treatment
- These metabolitese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Value
- 62.8–99.5%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“These metabolites exhibited potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, inhibiting 93.9–99.5% of P. tolaasii and 62.8–99.5% of Escherichia coli growth, with IC 50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.5 mM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibacterial IC 50 values ranged from 3.6 to 5.5 mM.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“with IC 50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.5 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
External metabolite application extended banana shelf life by 4–6 days without altering sensory quality.
- Taxon
- bananase0
- Organ / stage
- postharveste0
- Treatment
- external application of these metabolitese0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendse0
- Value
- 4–6 dayse0
- Qualifier
- without altering sensory qualitye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, external application of these metabolites to postharvest bananas and peppers extends shelf life by 4–6 days without altering sensory quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
External metabolite application extended pepper shelf life by 4–6 days without altering sensory quality.
- Organ / stage
- postharveste0
- Treatment
- external application of these metabolitese0
- Outcome
- shelf lifee0
- Direction
- extendse0
- Value
- 4–6 dayse0
- Qualifier
- without altering sensory qualitye0
CapsicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, external application of these metabolites to postharvest bananas and peppers extends shelf life by 4–6 days without altering sensory quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Naturally derived compounds are proposed as sustainable preservative candidates.
- Outcome
- effective and sustainable candidates to synthetic preservativese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“demonstrate the potential of these naturally derived compounds as effective and sustainable candidates to synthetic preservatives for agricultural disease management and food safety applications”