Abstract
Afield experiment “Influence of plant geometry and weed management strategies on productivity and profitability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was conducted during summer season of 2023 at the Instructional Farm, OUAT, Bhubaneswar. The experiment was laid out in a factorial RBD design consisting of two plant spacings, the conventional spacing: 60 cm x 30 cm and the modified spacing: 75 cm x 25 cm and seven weed management practices consisting of total 14 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The sunflower hybrid DRSH-1 was grown as the test variety. WCE was highest in weed free treatment in all growth stages and WI (%) was minimum in Farmers’ practice (two intercultivation at 20 & 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS). Plant spacings did not have significant effect on growth parameters, yield attributes and on seed yield. The head diameter (17.0 cm) and test weight (56.6 g) was more in weed free and at par with Farmers’ practice (two intercultivation at 20 & 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS). The seed yield (2048 kg/ ha) and the oil yield (819 kg/ ha) were maximum under weed free condition and it was at par with Farmers’ practice (two intercultivation at 20 & 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS), One intercultivation at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DAS. The net returns (Rs. 63,121) and B:C ratio (1.99) was higher with application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DAS in 75cm x 25cm plant spacing. Hence, spacing of 75cm x 25cm and weed management practice of Pendimethalin @ 1kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS can be considered asthe most productive and profitable option for sunflower.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control efficiency was highest with weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- weed free treatmente0
- Outcome
- WCEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- all growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WCE was highest in weed free treatment in all growth stages”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed index was lowest under the farmers’ practice.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Farmers’ practice (two intercultivation at 20 & 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS)e0
- Outcome
- WI (%)e0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WI (%) was minimum in Farmers’ practice (two intercultivation at 20 & 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS)”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spacing did not significantly affect growth parameters, yield attributes, or seed yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Plant spacingse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, yield attributes and on seed yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant spacings did not have significant effect on growth parameters, yield attributes and on seed yield”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Head diameter was 17.0 cm in weed-free plots, at par with farmers’ practice.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- weed freee0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 17.0 cme0
- Comparator
- Farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The head diameter (17.0 cm) and test weight (56.6 g) was more in weed free and at par with Farmers’ practice”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Test weight was 56.6 g in weed-free plots, at par with farmers’ practice.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- weed freee0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 56.6 ge0
- Comparator
- Farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The head diameter (17.0 cm) and test weight (56.6 g) was more in weed free and at par with Farmers’ practice”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield reached 2048 kg/ ha under weed-free conditions and was at par with three other treatments.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- weed free conditione0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2048 kg/ hae0
- Comparator
- Farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield (2048 kg/ ha) and the oil yield (819 kg/ ha) were maximum under weed free condition and it was at par with Farmers’ practice”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil yield reached 819 kg/ ha under weed-free conditions and was at par with other treatments.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- weed free conditione0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 819 kg/ hae0
- Comparator
- Farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yield (2048 kg/ ha) and the oil yield (819 kg/ ha) were maximum under weed free condition and it was at par with Farmers’ practice”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were Rs. 63,121 with the combined herbicide treatment at 75cm x 25cm spacing.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 63,121e0
- Qualifier
- 75cm x 25cm plant spacinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net returns (Rs. 63,121) and B:C ratio (1.99) was higher with application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DAS in 75cm x 25cm plant spacing”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit-cost ratio was 1.99 with the combined herbicide treatment at 75cm x 25cm spacing.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.99e0
- Qualifier
- 75cm x 25cm plant spacinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The net returns (Rs. 63,121) and B:C ratio (1.99) was higher with application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i/ha at 20 DAS in 75cm x 25cm plant spacing”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 75cm x 25cm spacing with the combined herbicide treatment for productivity and profit.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- spacing of 75cm x 25cm and weed management practice of Pendimethalin @ 1kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spacing of 75cm x 25cm and weed management practice of Pendimethalin @ 1kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence fb quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS can be considered asthe most productive and profitable option for sunflower”
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