Abstract
Abstract The phytoremediation potential of Helianthus annuus and Helianthus giant was assessed in soils contaminated with solid wastes, including fireplace ash, oil burner dust, forge dust, land of Milos (pozzolan), and land of Milos mixed with olive core. A total of 25 experimental treatments were applied, with waste concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 17.8 kg m⁻ 3 . Plant growth was monitored from germination to the completion of biological cycles over a period of 90 days. Experimental treatments involved varying concentrations of these wastes, with plant growth monitored from germination to the completion of biological cycles. Both sunflower species completed their cycles in most treatments, except at high concentrations of fireplace ash and oil burner dust. Helianthus annuus exhibited higher resistance and growth rates, with effective phytoremediation thresholds established for fireplace ash (≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3 ), oil burner dust (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 ), forge dust (≤ 1.1 kg m⁻ 3 ), and land of Milos mixed with olive core (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 each). Helianthus giant was effective at lower waste concentrations but unsuitable for oil burner dust remediation. Risk mitigation is essential to prevent bioaccumulated contaminants from entering the food chain through sunflower tissues or products. These findings highlight the influence of substrate composition and waste concentration on phytoremediation efficiency and emphasize the potential of sunflowers for soil restoration, biomass production, and agricultural applications under controlled conditions. Graphical abstract
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Both sunflower species completed their cycles in most treatments, except at high concentrations of fireplace ash and oil burner dust.
- Taxon
- helianthus
Helianthust0 - Treatment
- high concentrations of fireplace ash and oil burner duste1
- Outcome
- completed their cyclese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e1“Both sunflower species completed their cycles in most treatments, except at high concentrations of fireplace ash and oil burner dust”
Claim · model-written summary
Helianthus annuus showed higher resistance and growth rates.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Material
- Helianthus annuuse2
- Outcome
- resistance and growth ratese2
- Direction
- highere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e2“Helianthus annuus exhibited higher resistance and growth rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective phytoremediation threshold for fireplace ash is at or below 4.4 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- fireplace ashe3
- Outcome
- phytoremediation thresholdse3
- Value
- ≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e3“effective phytoremediation thresholds established for fireplace ash (≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective phytoremediation threshold for oil burner dust is at or below 2.2 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- oil burner duste4
- Outcome
- phytoremediation thresholdse4
- Value
- ≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e4“effective phytoremediation thresholds established for fireplace ash (≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3 ), oil burner dust (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective phytoremediation threshold for forge dust is at or below 1.1 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- forge duste5
- Outcome
- phytoremediation thresholdse5
- Value
- ≤ 1.1 kg m⁻ 3e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e5“effective phytoremediation thresholds established for fireplace ash (≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3 ), oil burner dust (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 ), forge dust (≤ 1.1 kg m⁻ 3 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective phytoremediation threshold for land of Milos mixed with olive core is at or below 2.2 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Treatment
- land of Milos mixed with olive coree6
- Outcome
- phytoremediation thresholdse6
- Value
- ≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e6“effective phytoremediation thresholds established for fireplace ash (≤ 4.4 kg m⁻ 3 ), oil burner dust (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 ), forge dust (≤ 1.1 kg m⁻ 3 ), and land of Milos mixed with olive core (≤ 2.2 kg m⁻ 3 each)”
Claim · model-written summary
Helianthus giant was effective at lower waste concentrations.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Material
- Helianthus giante7
- Treatment
- lower waste concentrationse7
- Outcome
- phytoremediation potentiale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e7“Helianthus giant was effective at lower waste concentrations”
e6“The phytoremediation potential of Helianthus annuus and Helianthus giant was assessed”
Claim · model-written summary
Helianthus giant was unsuitable for oil burner dust remediation.
- Taxon
- helianthusHelianthust0
- Material
- Helianthus giante6
- Treatment
- oil burner duste5
- Outcome
- phytoremediation potentiale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Impact of solid waste on the growth of helianthus”
e5“but unsuitable for oil burner dust remediation”
e6“The phytoremediation potential of Helianthus annuus and Helianthus giant was assessed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that risk mitigation is essential to keep bioaccumulated contaminants out of the food chain via sunflower tissues or products.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- prevent bioaccumulated contaminants from entering the food chaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Risk mitigation is essential to prevent bioaccumulated contaminants from entering the food chain through sunflower tissues or products”