Abstract
In sustainable vineyard management, biocontrol agents (BCAs) offer a promising alternative to chemical pesticides. This study focuses on characterizing endophytes isolated from grapevines in different regions of northern Italy for (i) their effectiveness against Botrytis cinerea through in vitro tests and (ii) their capability to survive in the presence of copper and other commercial fungicides with the final goal of investigating their possible future application for an integrated approach in vineyard. Aureobasidium pullulans strains ED203, ED206, ED217, and ED221 demonstrated significant antagonistic activity toward B. cinerea , while Bacillus velezensis ED163 showed the highest levels of pathogen inhibition. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis identified three distinct microbial clusters based on BCAs volatile profiles, highlighting the production of antifungal compounds such as alcohols, esters, and terpenes to counteract the pathogen growth. The investigated BCAs showed tolerance to high concentrations of copper (up to 100 mg/L) and the fungicide SWITCH (1 g/L), but they were sensitive to a standard oenological dose of sulfur dioxide (50 mg/L). Finally, in vivo tests on grapevine leaves confirmed the ability of B. velezensis and A. pullulans strains ED203 and ED221 candidates to effectively reduce the mycelium infection on plant tissue standing out as strong candidates for pest management. The interaction between BCAs with the host was confirmed through leaves cell culture use, highlighting the capability of the best candidate selected in the study to modulate plant response in presence of pathogen.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Aureobasidium pullulans strains ED203, ED206, ED217 and ED221 showed significant antagonistic activity toward Botrytis cinerea.
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Second interactor
- Aureobasidium pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- antagonistic activitye1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“Aureobasidium pullulans strains ED203, ED206, ED217, and ED221 demonstrated significant antagonistic activity toward B. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus velezensis ED163 showed the highest pathogen inhibition.
- Material
- ED163e2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus velezensis
Bacillus velezensise2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- pathogen inhibitione2
- Direction
- higheste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“Aureobasidium pullulans strains ED203, ED206, ED217, and ED221 demonstrated significant antagonistic activity toward B. cinerea”
e2“Bacillus velezensis ED163 showed the highest levels of pathogen inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile profiles of the BCAs identified three distinct microbial clusters.
- Outcome
- three distinct microbial clusterse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“identified three distinct microbial clusters based on BCAs volatile profiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The BCAs produce antifungal compounds such as alcohols, esters and terpenes that counteract pathogen growth.
- Interactor
- pathogene1pathogen
- Compound
- alcohols, esters, and terpenese1
- Outcome
- production of antifungal compoundse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“highlighting the production of antifungal compounds such as alcohols, esters, and terpenes to counteract the pathogen growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The BCAs tolerated high copper concentrations up to 100 mg/L.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“The investigated BCAs showed tolerance to high concentrations of copper (up to 100 mg/L) and the fungicide SWITCH (1 g/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BCAs tolerated the fungicide SWITCH at 1 g/L.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“The investigated BCAs showed tolerance to high concentrations of copper (up to 100 mg/L) and the fungicide SWITCH (1 g/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BCAs were sensitive to a standard oenological dose of sulfur dioxide (50 mg/L).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“but they were sensitive to a standard oenological dose of sulfur dioxide (50 mg/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
B. velezensis and A. pullulans strains ED203 and ED221 effectively reduced mycelium infection on grapevine leaves in vivo.
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- B. velezensis and A. pullulans strains ED203 and ED221e2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensisBacillus velezensise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelium infectione2
- Direction
- reducee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“Aureobasidium pullulans strains ED203, ED206, ED217, and ED221 demonstrated significant antagonistic activity toward B. cinerea”
e2“in vivo tests on grapevine leaves confirmed the ability of B. velezensis and A. pullulans strains ED203 and ED221 candidates to effectively reduce the mycelium infection on plant tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between the BCAs and the grapevine host was confirmed through leaf cell culture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“The interaction between BCAs with the host was confirmed through leaves cell culture use”
Claim · model-written summary
The best candidate BCA modulates the plant response in the presence of the pathogen.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“highlighting the capability of the best candidate selected in the study to modulate plant response in presence of pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested endophytes are strong candidates for grapevine pest management (author interpretation).
- Outcome
- strong candidates for pest managemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine endophytes”
e1“standing out as strong candidates for pest management”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus velezensis · Botrytis cinerea · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Aureobasidium pullulans · Botrytis cinerea · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.