Abstract
Salinity could reduce grapevine productivity, impairing physiological performance, nutrient balance, and cellular integrity. This study evaluated the potential of arginine anchored chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-Arg NPs), arginine (Arg), chitosan (CTS) and chitosan–arginine combination (CTS-Arg) to mitigate stress damage and modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine. Treatments including CTS (0.1% w/v), Arg (0.5 and 1 mM), CTS-Arg (0.5 and 1 mM), and CTS-Arg NPs (0.5 and 1 mM) were applied under salinity levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). Salinity caused significant reductions ( p < 0.01) in chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ), total chlorophyll content (Total Chl), Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, potassium (K), and (p < 0.01) in SPAD values, phosphorus (P) compared to control. In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control. Application of CTS-Arg NPs, particularly at 1 mM, significantly ( p < 0.01) alleviated salinity-induced damages by improving physiological characteristics compared with salinity-stressed untreated plants. Furthermore, geometric morphometric analysis revealed that salinity stress promoted stomatal rounding, whereas CTS-Arg NP treatment induced a considerable shift toward ovality form, indicating stomatal remodeling associated with enhanced physiological efficiency. Overall, CTS-Arg NPs outperformed CTS, Arg, and their non-nano combinations under both control and salinity conditions, highlighting their potential as an effective nano-enabled strategy for improving grapevine tolerance to salinity stress. • CTS‑Arg nanoparticles enhanced grapevine tolerance to salinity stress (p < 0.05) • CTS‑Arg NPs improved photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity • Salinity stress induced stomatal rounding, while CTS‑Arg NPs promoted oval geometry • Nano‑delivered arginine outperformed CTS, Arg, and CTS‑Arg under salinity • Stomatal geometric remodeling was linked to improved physiological performance
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in grapevine (p < 0.01).
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ), total chlorophyll content (Total Chl)e1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Salinity caused significant reductions ( p < 0.01) in chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ), total chlorophyll content (Total Chl), Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, potassium (K), and (p < 0.01) in SPAD values, phosphorus (P) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and potassium (K) in grapevine (p < 0.01).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Salinity caused significant reductions ( p < 0.01) in chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ), total chlorophyll content (Total Chl), Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, potassium (K), and (p < 0.01) in SPAD values, phosphorus (P) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced SPAD values and phosphorus (P) in grapevine (p < 0.01).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Salinity caused significant reductions ( p < 0.01) in chlorophyll a (Chl a ), chlorophyll b (Chl b ), total chlorophyll content (Total Chl), Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, potassium (K), and (p < 0.01) in SPAD values, phosphorus (P) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased proline, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in grapevine (p < 0.05).
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoidse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage in grapevine (p < 0.05).
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased glycine betaine, protein content and sodium accumulation in grapevine (p < 0.05).
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase in grapevine (p < 0.05).
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)e1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in grapevine (p < 0.05).
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“In contrast, salinity significantly ( p < 0.05) increased proline, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL), glycine betaine (GB),protein content, sodium (Na) accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of CTS-Arg NPs at 1 mM alleviated salinity-induced damage in grapevine compared with salinity-stressed untreated plants (p < 0.01).
- Treatment
- CTS-Arg NPs, particularly at 1 mMe1
- Outcome
- salinity-induced damagese1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
- Comparator
- salinity-stressed untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Application of CTS-Arg NPs, particularly at 1 mM, significantly ( p < 0.01) alleviated salinity-induced damages by improving physiological characteristics compared with salinity-stressed untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-Arg NPs at 1 mM improved physiological characteristics of salinity-stressed grapevine (p < 0.01).
- Treatment
- CTS-Arg NPs, particularly at 1 mMe1
- Outcome
- physiological characteristicse1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- salinity-stressed untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Application of CTS-Arg NPs, particularly at 1 mM, significantly ( p < 0.01) alleviated salinity-induced damages by improving physiological characteristics compared with salinity-stressed untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress promoted stomatal rounding in grapevine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Furthermore, geometric morphometric analysis revealed that salinity stress promoted stomatal rounding, whereas CTS-Arg NP treatment induced a considerable shift toward ovality form, indicating stomatal remodeling associated with enhanced physiological efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-Arg NP treatment induced a shift toward ovality form of grapevine stomata.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Furthermore, geometric morphometric analysis revealed that salinity stress promoted stomatal rounding, whereas CTS-Arg NP treatment induced a considerable shift toward ovality form, indicating stomatal remodeling associated with enhanced physiological efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS-Arg NPs outperformed CTS, Arg and their non-nano combinations in grapevine under both control and salinity conditions.
- Treatment
- CTS-Arg NPse1
- Outcome
- outperformede1
- Direction
- outperformede1
- Qualifier
- under both control and salinity conditionse1
- Comparator
- CTS, Arg, and their non-nano combinationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“Overall, CTS-Arg NPs outperformed CTS, Arg, and their non-nano combinations under both control and salinity conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal remodeling was associated with enhanced physiological efficiency in grapevine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“modulate stomatal geometry in grapevine”
e1“indicating stomatal remodeling associated with enhanced physiological efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: pigments · VitisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: oxidative · VitisPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · VitisResults agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.