Abstract
Salinity, one of the most significant abiotic stress factors restricting plant production, causes the destruction of agricultural lands and reduces productivity. In recent years, the utilization of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) applications, which have important effects in terms of avoiding and providing tolerance to factors by impacting the physiology and metabolism of the plants, has been on the agenda. In this research, the impacts of foliar treatments of different levels of 5-ALA (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM) on morphological and physiological traits of 41 B American grapevine rootstocks under salinity stress (NaCl solution starting with 25 mM and reaching 150 mM concentration) were investigated. Salinity stress caused significant decreases in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, RWC and stomatal conductance, and significant increases in leaf temperature, proline and MDA content, physical damage and membrane damage degree. Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments. According to the results of this study, 5-ALA can be recommended as an alternative application to provide salinity tolerance in plants in order to reduce the damage caused by salinity stress in agricultural lands.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased growth, chlorophyll, water status and stomatal conductance.
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, chlorophyll content, RWC and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused significant decreases in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, RWC and stomatal conductance”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased temperature, proline, MDA and damage.
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf temperature, proline and MDA content, physical damage and membrane damage degreee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress caused significant decreases in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, RWC and stomatal conductance, and significant increases in leaf temperature, proline and MDA content, physical damage and membrane damage degree.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased shoot length to 14.67 cm.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 14.67 cme0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased root length to 34.50 cm.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 34.50 cme0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased leaf thickness to 0.23 µm.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.23 µme0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased leaf area to 31.37 cm2.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 31.37 cm2e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased leaf number to 8.67 pieces.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 8.67 piecese0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased chlorophyll content to 21.83 SPAD.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 21.83 SPADe0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased RWC to 80.20%.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 80.20%e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased proline content to 0.19 μmol.g-1.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.19 μmol.g-1e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA increased stomatal conductance to 78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA decreased physical damage degree to 1.00 scale degree.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- physical damage degreee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 1.00 scale degreee0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA decreased membrane injury degree to 15.46%.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- membrane injury degreee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 15.46%e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA decreased MDA content to 28.20 nmol.g-1.
- Treatment
- 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 28.20 nmol.g-1e0
- Comparator
- non-ALA treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, 0.9 mM 5-ALA treatments resulted in significant increases in shoot length (14.67 cm), root length (34.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.23 µm) leaf area (31.37 cm2), leaf number (8.67 pieces), chlorophyll content (21.83 SPAD), RWC (80.20%), proline content (0.19 μmol.g-1) and stomatal conductance (78.05 mmol.m-2.s-1); and significant decreases in physical damage degree (1.00 scale degree), membrane injury degree (15.46%) and MDA content (28.20 nmol.g-1) compared to non-ALA treatments.”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 5-ALA to improve salinity tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5-ALA can be recommended as an alternative application to provide salinity tolerance in plants in order to reduce the damage caused by salinity stress in agricultural lands.”
t0“Grapevine”
The same questions in other papers
5-aminolevulinic acid · physiology: osmolytes · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
5-aminolevulinic acid · physiology: oxidative · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: gas exchange · VitisPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.