Abstract
Growth, mortality, transpiration, and ion accumulation were evaluated in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sugraone) under variable conditions of salinity to evaluate whether mortality is a consequence of the processes causing growth and transpiration loss or whether it is an independent process coupled with ion toxicity. Six irrigation water salinity levels (electrical conductivity of irrigation water from 0.5 to 12 dS m−1 chlorine concentration from 3.8 to 149 mM) were applied in a one-year lysimeter study and four salinity levels (1.8 to 9.0 dS m−1; 10 to 75 mM chlorine) were applied for five years in vineyard conditions. In the lysimeter experiment, salinity-reduced transpiration was measured as early as 30 days after budburst, and biomass production and evapotranspiration were found to be linearly related. In both the lysimeter and field trials, mortality was dynamically associated with salinity level and time and corresponded to extreme accumulation of sodium and chlorine in shoots. Grapevine response to salinity involved two mechanisms: (1) a reduction in transpiration and growth, which began as soon as salinity was experienced; and (2) vine mortality, which was correlated with salinity level, a sharp increase in sodium and chlorine content of leaves, and time. At lower salinities, the onset of mortality occurred later and death rates increased as the duration of exposure to salinity increased.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced transpiration by 30 days after budburst.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity-reduced transpiration was measured as early as 30 days after budburst”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass production and evapotranspiration were linearly related.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass production and evapotranspiration were found to be linearly related”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality was associated with salinity level and time in lysimeter and field trials.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both the lysimeter and field trials, mortality was dynamically associated with salinity level and time”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality corresponded to extreme shoot sodium and chlorine accumulation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality was dynamically associated with salinity level and time and corresponded to extreme accumulation of sodium and chlorine in shoots”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration and growth declined as soon as salinity was experienced.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in transpiration and growth, which began as soon as salinity was experienced”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Vine mortality correlated with salinity level, leaf sodium and chlorine increases, and time.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vine mortality, which was correlated with salinity level, a sharp increase in sodium and chlorine content of leaves, and time”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower salinity delayed mortality onset.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At lower salinities, the onset of mortality occurred later”
t0“Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Death rates rose with longer salinity exposure.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“death rates increased as the duration of exposure to salinity increased”
t0“Grapevines”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: gas exchange · VitisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.