Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon has become a widely studied model plant due to its small genome, ease of cultivation under controlled conditions, and value for synteny and molecular studies. Regarding disease, Fusarium is one of the main fungal genera infecting cereal crops, F. cerealis, F. graminearum, F. poae, and F. pseudograminearum being isolated frequently from several agricultural regions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate three pathosystems, combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species to confirm the use of B. distachyon in Fusarium–crop system models. Three controlled experiments were performed to assess the impact on seeds, roots, and spikes. Variables such as germination inhibition, McKinney’s index, percentage of necrosis, area under the disease progress curve, disease incidence, disease severity, and grain weight were measured. Regarding Fusarium species, the results confirm that F. pseudograminearum could be more aggressive on roots, while F. graminearum affects spikes more severely. In contrast, F. cerealis and F. poae are generally moderate to weak pathogens with irregular behaviour depending on the plant species or genotype. No clear varietal resistance pattern emerged except for wheat genotypes with a known resistance/susceptibility QTL. The present study highlights the importance of using multiple experiments for accurate phenotype characterisation, as relying on a single technique is insufficient. In conclusion, the results presented in the manuscript provide valuable insights into Fusarium spp.–B. distachyon interactions and resistance selection based on seed, root, and spike assessments. Moreover, this work confirmed the use of Brachypodium as a model plant for Fusarium–plant interaction studies.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium pseudograminearum was more aggressive on roots.
- Taxon
- B. distachyon, barley, and wheat
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivum
Brachypodium distachyone0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Interactor
- F. pseudograminearumFusarium pseudograminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- more aggressive on rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e1“the results confirm that F. pseudograminearum could be more aggressive on roots, while F. graminearum affects spikes more severely”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium graminearum affected spikes more severely.
- Taxon
- B. distachyon, barley, and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumBrachypodium distachyone0
- Organ / stage
- spikese1
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Outcome
- affects spikes more severelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e1“the results confirm that F. pseudograminearum could be more aggressive on roots, while F. graminearum affects spikes more severely”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium cerealis and F. poae were generally moderate to weak pathogens with irregular behaviour depending on plant species or genotype.
- Taxon
- B. distachyon, barley, and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumBrachypodium distachyone0
- Interactor
- F. cerealisFusarium cerealise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. poae
Fusarium poaee2pathogen - Outcome
- moderate to weak pathogense2
- Qualifier
- irregular behaviour depending on the plant species or genotypee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e2“In contrast, F. cerealis and F. poae are generally moderate to weak pathogens with irregular behaviour depending on the plant species or genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
No clear varietal resistance pattern emerged among the tested hosts.
- Taxon
- B. distachyon, barley, and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumBrachypodium distachyone0
- Outcome
- varietal resistance patterne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e3“No clear varietal resistance pattern emerged except for wheat genotypes with a known resistance/susceptibility QTL”
Claim · model-written summary
A resistance pattern emerged for wheat genotypes carrying a known resistance/susceptibility QTL.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- wheat genotypes with a known resistance/susceptibility QTLe3
- Outcome
- resistance patterne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“No clear varietal resistance pattern emerged except for wheat genotypes with a known resistance/susceptibility QTL”
Claim · model-written summary
Using multiple experiments is important for accurate phenotype characterisation, since a single technique is insufficient.
- Taxon
- B. distachyonBrachypodium distachyone0
- Outcome
- multiple experiments for accurate phenotype characterisatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e4“The present study highlights the importance of using multiple experiments for accurate phenotype characterisation, as relying on a single technique is insufficient”
Claim · model-written summary
The study confirmed the use of Brachypodium as a model plant for Fusarium-plant interaction studies, compared with barley and wheat.
- Taxon
- BrachypodiumBrachypodiume5
- Outcome
- use of Brachypodium as a model plante5
- Comparator
- barley, and wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining three hosts (B. distachyon, barley, and wheat) with four Fusarium species”
e5“Moreover, this work confirmed the use of Brachypodium as a model plant”