Abstract
Background The precise volatile compounds accountable for the characteristic scent of the wheat aroma were presently unidentified. Given the prominent manifestation of “wheat aroma” in wheat cultivated in saline-alkali (SA) soil, five wheat varieties planted in saline-alkali soil and control soil (low saline-alkali soil) to create “rich-aroma” and “bland-aroma” samples, respectively. Methods The volatile profiles of these two groups of samples were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatographyed with gas chromathes-SPME-GC-MS), and differential characteristic volatile compounds between “rich-aroma” and “bland-aroma” samples were identified by combining paired t -tests, relative odor activity values (ROAVs), and molecular docking analysis. Results A total of 75 volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME-GC-MS. Paired t -test result revealed that a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the peak areas and relative contents of limonene (>109.74% increase), β-pinene (> 474.09% increase) contrasted with reduced butanoic acid (>38.71% reduction) and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (>16.05% reduction) in saline-alkali soil-cultivated wheats. Molecular docking demonstrated high binding energies (<-4.25 kcal/mol) of limonene, β-pinene, and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one to olfactory receptors, corroborated by relative odor activity values (ROAVs. > 1). Conclusion Limonene, β-pinene and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one are identified as possible saline-alkali soil-induced wheat aroma biomarkers, and offer theoretical insights for verificating wheat aroma. Identifying potential characteristic biomarkers in wheat under saline-alkali stress provides important theoretical insights for improving the flavor characteristics of wheat.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy-five wheat volatile compounds were identified.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A total of 75 volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME-GC-MS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonene increased by over 109.74% in saline-alkali-grown wheat.
TriticumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the peak areas and relative contents of limonene (>109.74% increase), β-pinene (> 474.09% increase) contrasted with reduced butanoic acid (>38.71% reduction) and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (>16.05% reduction) in saline-alkali soil-cultivated wheats.”
Claim · model-written summary
β-pinene increased by over 474.09% in saline-alkali-grown wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the peak areas and relative contents of limonene (>109.74% increase), β-pinene (> 474.09% increase) contrasted with reduced butanoic acid (>38.71% reduction) and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (>16.05% reduction) in saline-alkali soil-cultivated wheats.”
Claim · model-written summary
Butanoic acid decreased by over 38.71% in saline-alkali-grown wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the peak areas and relative contents of limonene (>109.74% increase), β-pinene (> 474.09% increase) contrasted with reduced butanoic acid (>38.71% reduction) and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (>16.05% reduction) in saline-alkali soil-cultivated wheats.”
Claim · model-written summary
(E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one decreased by over 16.05% in saline-alkali-grown wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in the peak areas and relative contents of limonene (>109.74% increase), β-pinene (> 474.09% increase) contrasted with reduced butanoic acid (>38.71% reduction) and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (>16.05% reduction) in saline-alkali soil-cultivated wheats.”
Claim · model-written summary
Docking found high olfactory-receptor binding energies for limonene, β-pinene and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Molecular docking demonstrated high binding energies (<-4.25 kcal/mol) of limonene, β-pinene, and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one to olfactory receptors, corroborated by relative odor activity values (ROAVs. > 1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonene, β-pinene and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one were proposed as saline-alkali-induced wheat aroma biomarkers.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- possible saline-alkali soil-induced wheat aroma biomarkerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limonene, β-pinene and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one are identified as possible saline-alkali soil-induced wheat aroma biomarkers”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Triticum (wheats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.