Abstract
The invasion of exotic plant species has emerged as a global problem that impacts the ecosystems, economy, and human health, and is the reason for biodiversity loss. Argemone mexicana L. is one of the plants that was recorded as an invasive plant species in south-western Saudi Arabia. Allelochemical properties have been stated but not empirically evaluated on economically important staple crops. In the present study, the phenotype of the A. mexicana L. plant was described using major and minor phenotypic morphology, and morphological seed. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of water extract of A. mexicana L. on radicle and plumule length of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. Results showed that the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration. Moreover, it was observed that the A. mexicana seed extract is more allelopathically effective than leaf extract. Hence, it could be concluded that the seed and leaf aqueous extracts contain water-soluble allelochemicals, which could inhibit seed germination of T. aestivum and H. vulgare.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased seed germination of T. aestivum and H. vulgare, up to 66.66%, with rising extract concentration.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and H. vulgare
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicanae1
- Interactor
- A. mexicana
Argemone mexicanae1weed - Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 66.66%e1
- Qualifier
- with a rise in extract concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased plumule length of T. aestivum and H. vulgare by 93.94% to 94.94%, with rising extract concentration.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and H. vulgareHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicanae1
- Interactor
- A. mexicanaArgemone mexicanae1weed
- Outcome
- plumule lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 93.94%-94.94%e1
- Qualifier
- with a rise in extract concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased radicle length of T. aestivum and H. vulgare by 96.68% to 96.96%, with rising extract concentration.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and H. vulgareHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicanae1
- Interactor
- A. mexicanaArgemone mexicanae1weed
- Outcome
- radicle lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 96.68%- 96.96%e1
- Qualifier
- with a rise in extract concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The A. mexicana seed extract is more allelopathically effective than the leaf extract against T. aestivum and H. vulgare.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and H. vulgareHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- A. mexicana seed extracte2
- Interactor
- A. mexicanaArgemone mexicanae2weed
- Outcome
- allelopathically effectivee2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- leaf extracte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the allelopathic potential of leaf and seed extracts of A. mexicana decreased the seed germination (until 66.66%), plumule length (93.94%-94.94%), and radicle length (96.68%- 96.96%) respectively for T. aestivum and H. vulgare with a rise in extract concentration”
e2“the A. mexicana seed extract is more allelopathically effective than leaf extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed and leaf aqueous extracts of A. mexicana are concluded to contain water-soluble allelochemicals that could inhibit seed germination of T. aestivum and H. vulgare.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and H. vulgareHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- seed and leaf aqueous extractse3
- Compound
- water-soluble allelochemicalse3
- Outcome
- seed germinatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the seed and leaf aqueous extracts contain water-soluble allelochemicals, which could inhibit seed germination of T. aestivum and H. vulgare”
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