Abstract
Low species diversity accompanied high populations of Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]. Two perennial grasses and two rushes grew with Canada thistle; annual plants did not. Canada thistle litter, ground roots, and ground foliage added to soil in greenhouse bio-assay tests reduced growth of redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] more than cucumber ( Cucumis sativis L.) or barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). The addition of nutrients did not mask the toxic effect. Ethanolic extracts of Canada thistle roots and foliage were similar in their ability to reduce radicle growth of barley, cucumber, green foxtail, and redroot pigweed in petri dish studies. There was no significant difference between water controls and controls adjusted to the average pH and osmotic potential of the extracts. Germination of barley and cucumber seed was not affected. Comparisons between ethanolic extractions and soil incorporation of plant residues with presumably non-allelopathic plants revealed that cucumber and barley extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth whereas barley and green foxtail extracts increased green foxtail radicle growth. These effects were not observed when these plant residues were mixed in soil.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High populations of Canada thistle were associated with low species diversity
- Taxon
- Canada thistle
Cirsium arvensee0 - Treatment
- high populationse0
- Outcome
- species diversitye0
- Direction
- Lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low species diversity accompanied high populations of Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Two perennial grasses and two rushes grew with Canada thistle, while annual plants did not
- Taxon
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee2
- Outcome
- grew with Canada thistlee2
- Qualifier
- annual plants did note2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Two perennial grasses and two rushes grew with Canada thistle; annual plants did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Canada thistle litter, roots and foliage added to soil reduced growth of redroot pigweed and green foxtail more than cucumber or barley
- Taxon
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee1
- Treatment
- Canada thistle litter, ground roots, and ground foliage added to soile1
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede1weed
- Second interactor
- green foxtaile1weed
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- cucumber ( Cucumis sativis L.) or barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Canada thistle litter, ground roots, and ground foliage added to soil in greenhouse bio-assay tests reduced growth of redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] more than cucumber ( Cucumis sativis L.) or barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts of Canada thistle roots and foliage reduced radicle growth of redroot pigweed and green foxtail, similar for roots and foliage
- Taxon
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee3
- Treatment
- Ethanolic extracts of Canada thistle roots and foliagee3
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede3weed
- Second interactor
- green foxtaile3weed
- Outcome
- radicle growthe3
- Direction
- reducee3
- Qualifier
- barley, cucumbere3
- Comparator
- water controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Ethanolic extracts of Canada thistle roots and foliage were similar in their ability to reduce radicle growth of barley, cucumber, green foxtail, and redroot pigweed in petri dish studies”
e4“There was no significant difference between water controls and controls adjusted to the average pH and osmotic potential of the extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of barley and cucumber seed was not affected
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree5 - Material
- barley and cucumber seede5
- Outcome
- Germinatione5
- Direction
- not affectede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“Germination of barley and cucumber seed was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber and barley extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth, compared with soil incorporation of residues
- Taxon
- cucumber and barley
Cucumis sativusHordeum vulgaree6 - Treatment
- cucumber and barley extractse6
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede6weed
- Outcome
- radicle growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- soil incorporation of plant residuese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Comparisons between ethanolic extractions and soil incorporation of plant residues with presumably non-allelopathic plants revealed that cucumber and barley extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth whereas barley and green foxtail extracts increased green foxtail radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley and green foxtail extracts increased green foxtail radicle growth, compared with soil incorporation of residues
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Treatment
- barley and green foxtail extractse6
- Interactor
- green foxtaile6weed
- Outcome
- green foxtail radicle growthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- soil incorporation of plant residuese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Comparisons between ethanolic extractions and soil incorporation of plant residues with presumably non-allelopathic plants revealed that cucumber and barley extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth whereas barley and green foxtail extracts increased green foxtail radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The allelopathic effects of plant residues were not observed when the residues were mixed into soil
- Taxon
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee0
- Treatment
- these plant residues were mixed in soile7
- Outcome
- effectse7
- Direction
- not observede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low species diversity accompanied high populations of Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]”
e7“These effects were not observed when these plant residues were mixed in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of nutrients did not mask the toxic effect of Canada thistle
- Taxon
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee0
- Treatment
- addition of nutrientse1
- Outcome
- toxic effecte1
- Direction
- did not maske1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low species diversity accompanied high populations of Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.]”
e1“The addition of nutrients did not mask the toxic effect”
The same questions in other papers
Hordeum vulgare · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
botanical · growth · Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
80 papers more in this group
See all 84 papers →botanical · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
107 papers more in this group
See all 111 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.