Abstract
Embryogenesis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provides a framework for understanding how cell polarity and patterning coordinate with hormonal signalling to establish the plant body plan. Following fertilisation, the zygote divides asymmetrically to generate apical and basal lineages, establishing the apical-basal axis that defines future shoot and root poles. Genetic and molecular analyses of classical mutants including gnom, monopteros (mp), bodenlos (bdl) and topless revealed that localised auxin biosynthesis, directional transport and downstream transcriptional responses are central to apical-basal axis establishment and organ initiation. The main components of this regulation are polarly localised PIN auxin transporters and downstream modules involving MONOPTEROS and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX transcription factors. Advances in microscopy have transformed the study of Arabidopsis embryogenesis: fluorescence-compatible clearing reagents and three-dimensional reconstructions now permit quantitative analyses of cell geometry, division orientation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Live ovule imaging setups with confocal laser scanning and multiphoton microscopes enable real-time observation of embryo development, while laser-assisted cell ablation can be used to probe cell-to-cell communication and fate plasticity. Together, these methodological breakthroughs position Arabidopsis embryos as a prime model for dissecting the chemical and biophysical cues that shape plant development.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Following fertilisation the Arabidopsis zygote divides asymmetrically to generate apical and basal lineages, establishing the apical-basal axis that defines future shoot and root poles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Outcome
- apical and basal lineagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“the zygote divides asymmetrically to generate apical and basal lineages, establishing the apical-basal axis that defines future shoot and root poles”
Claim · model-written summary
Analyses of classical mutants (gnom, monopteros, bodenlos, topless) showed that localised auxin biosynthesis, directional transport and downstream transcriptional responses are central to apical-basal axis establishment and organ initiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- gnom, monopteros (mp), bodenlos (bdl) and toplesse0
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- apical-basal axis establishment and organ initiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Genetic and molecular analyses of classical mutants including gnom, monopteros (mp), bodenlos (bdl) and topless revealed that localised auxin biosynthesis, directional transport and downstream transcriptional responses are central to apical-basal axis establishment and organ initiation”
Claim · model-written summary
The main components of this regulation are polarly localised PIN auxin transporters and downstream modules involving MONOPTEROS and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX transcription factors.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- polarly localised PIN auxin transporterse0
- Outcome
- main components of this regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The main components of this regulation are polarly localised PIN auxin transporters and downstream modules involving MONOPTEROS and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX transcription factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescence-compatible clearing reagents and three-dimensional reconstructions now permit quantitative analyses of cell geometry, division orientation and cytoskeletal dynamics in Arabidopsis embryogenesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- quantitative analyses of cell geometry, division orientation, and cytoskeletal dynamicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“fluorescence-compatible clearing reagents and three-dimensional reconstructions now permit quantitative analyses of cell geometry, division orientation, and cytoskeletal dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
Live ovule imaging setups with confocal laser scanning and multiphoton microscopes enable real-time observation of Arabidopsis embryo development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- real-time observation of embryo developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Live ovule imaging setups with confocal laser scanning and multiphoton microscopes enable real-time observation of embryo development”
Claim · model-written summary
Laser-assisted cell ablation can be used to probe cell-to-cell communication and fate plasticity in Arabidopsis embryos.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- probe cell-to-cell communication and fate plasticitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“laser-assisted cell ablation can be used to probe cell-to-cell communication and fate plasticity”