Abstract
• Thirteen shape categories and ten key attributes determining fruit shape were identified based on decision tree model in eggplant • Classification rules achieving an accuracy of 92.59% were generated. • Four QTLs controlling FSI and PAMi were detected using GWAS and QTL-seq. • Overexpression of the candidate gene SmFSI3.1 / SmFL resulted in the production of elongated tomato fruits Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) shows remarkable diversity in fruit shape, making it an excellent model for studying shape variation. Eggplant fruit shape influences consumer preference and plays an important role in the classification of commercial varieties and germplasm. Despite its importance, existing classification systems are limited to description without quantitative criteria, differ by country or region and fail to fully capture the diversity of eggplant fruit shapes. In the present study, thirteen shape categories were identified using a decision tree model with Gini index-based variable selection. Ten key attributes that largely determine fruit shape were identified and high accuracy (92.59%) classification rules were generated. Five other methods, including random forest, XGBoost, SVM, K-means and GMM, were also applied to fruit shape classification, but they proved less robust for classification compared to the decision tree. The shape modeling informed the key attribute selection for the QTL-seq and GWAS analyses. Four QTLs controlling Fruit Shape Index (FSI) and Proximal Angle Micro (PAMi) were detected using GWAS and QTL-seq. The candidate gene SmFSI3.1 / SmFL , a member of the SUN/IQD family, was over-expressed in tomato and resulted in elongated fruits, indicating the positive roles of this gene in regulating fruit elongation in eggplant. In summary, we developed an accurate and reproducible model for classifying eggplant fruit shapes, which is of significance for eggplant breeding and variety classification. Moreover, we verified the function of the causal gene responsible for fsi3.1 / fl3.1 locus, providing a foundation for understanding the genetic regulation of fruit shape in eggplant.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A decision tree model with Gini index-based variable selection identified thirteen fruit shape categories in eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenat0 - Outcome
- shape categoriese1
- Value
- thirteene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e1“thirteen shape categories were identified using a decision tree model with Gini index-based variable selection”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten key attributes that largely determine eggplant fruit shape were identified.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- key attributes that largely determine fruit shapee1
- Value
- Tene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e1“Ten key attributes that largely determine fruit shape were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Classification rules for eggplant fruit shape reached an accuracy of 92.59%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- accuracye1
- Value
- 92.59%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e1“high accuracy (92.59%) classification rules were generated”
Claim · model-written summary
Five other methods (random forest, XGBoost, SVM, K-means and GMM) were less robust for fruit shape classification than the decision tree.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- robust for classificatione1
- Direction
- less robuste1
- Comparator
- decision treee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e1“Five other methods, including random forest, XGBoost, SVM, K-means and GMM, were also applied to fruit shape classification, but they proved less robust for classification compared to the decision tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Four QTLs controlling Fruit Shape Index (FSI) and Proximal Angle Micro (PAMi) were detected in eggplant using GWAS and QTL-seq.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- Four QTLs controlling Fruit Shape Index (FSI) and Proximal Angle Micro (PAMi)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“eggplant”
e1“Four QTLs controlling Fruit Shape Index (FSI) and Proximal Angle Micro (PAMi) were detected using GWAS and QTL-seq”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of the candidate gene SmFSI3.1 / SmFL in tomato resulted in elongated fruits.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- over-expressede1
- Gene
- SmFSI3.1 / SmFLe1
- Outcome
- fruitse1
- Direction
- elongatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The candidate gene SmFSI3.1 / SmFL , a member of the SUN/IQD family, was over-expressed in tomato and resulted in elongated fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the tomato result as indicating a positive role of SmFSI3.1 / SmFL in regulating fruit elongation in eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Gene
- SmFSI3.1 / SmFLe1
- Outcome
- fruit elongatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The candidate gene SmFSI3.1 / SmFL , a member of the SUN/IQD family, was over-expressed in tomato and resulted in elongated fruits, indicating the positive roles of this gene in regulating fruit elongation in eggplant”