Abstract
Metabolomic profiling of the leaves, floral buds, flowers, and fruits of Ternstroemia lineata was conducted across the dry and rainy seasons in Mexico. The presence of katsumadin was determined and its antibacterial activity was evaluated. Multivariate data analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Katsumadin was identified by 1H NMR and, quantified by HPLC, and its antibacterial activity was assessed using a microdilution assay. The results revealed conserved 1H NMR signals among leaf, flower buds, flowers and fruits, as well as signals that were either organ-specific or time-dependent. The spatial and temporal distribution of katsumadin was monitored over a nine-month period. During the dry season, katsumadin reached 1.5 mg/g DW in the leaves, whereas it was not detected during the rainy season. Higher katsumadin contents were observed in floral buds, fruits, and flowers (6.09 ± 0.10, 3.0 ± 0.79, and 3.4 ± 0.42 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, katsumadin was evaluated against Salmonella Typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effect at 0.5 mg/mL.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Katsumadin reached 1.5 mg/g DW in leaves during the dry season.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineata
Ternstroemia lineatat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- katsumadine1
- Value
- 1.5 mg/g DWe1
- Setting
- dry seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e1“During the dry season, katsumadin reached 1.5 mg/g DW in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Katsumadin was not detected in the rainy season.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Outcome
- katsumadine1
- Qualifier
- not detectede2
- Setting
- rainy seasone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e1“During the dry season, katsumadin reached 1.5 mg/g DW in the leaves”
e2“whereas it was not detected during the rainy season”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral buds had higher katsumadin contents (6.09 ± 0.10 mg/g DW).
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Organ / stage
- floral budse3
- Outcome
- katsumadin contentse3
- Direction
- Highere3
- Value
- 6.09 ± 0.10e3
- Qualifier
- mg/g DWe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e3“Higher katsumadin contents were observed in floral buds, fruits, and flowers (6.09 ± 0.10, 3.0 ± 0.79, and 3.4 ± 0.42 mg/g DW, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits had higher katsumadin contents (3.0 ± 0.79 mg/g DW).
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse3
- Outcome
- katsumadin contentse3
- Direction
- Highere3
- Value
- 3.0 ± 0.79e3
- Qualifier
- mg/g DWe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e3“Higher katsumadin contents were observed in floral buds, fruits, and flowers (6.09 ± 0.10, 3.0 ± 0.79, and 3.4 ± 0.42 mg/g DW, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers had higher katsumadin contents (3.4 ± 0.42 mg/g DW).
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse3
- Outcome
- katsumadin contentse3
- Direction
- Highere3
- Value
- 3.4 ± 0.42e3
- Qualifier
- mg/g DWe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e3“Higher katsumadin contents were observed in floral buds, fruits, and flowers (6.09 ± 0.10, 3.0 ± 0.79, and 3.4 ± 0.42 mg/g DW, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
1H NMR signals were conserved among leaves, flower buds, flowers and fruits.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf, flower buds, flowers and fruitse4
- Outcome
- 1H NMR signalse4
- Qualifier
- conservede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e4“The results revealed conserved 1H NMR signals among leaf, flower buds, flowers and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1H NMR signals were either organ-specific or time-dependent.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Outcome
- 1H NMR signalse4
- Qualifier
- organ-specific or time-dependente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e4“The results revealed conserved 1H NMR signals among leaf, flower buds, flowers and fruits”
e5“as well as signals that were either organ-specific or time-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Katsumadin showed a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effect against Salmonella Typhi at 0.5 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Interactor
- Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhie6pathogen - Compound
- katsumadine6
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effecte6
- Value
- 0.5 mg/mLe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e6“katsumadin was evaluated against Salmonella Typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effect at 0.5 mg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Katsumadin showed a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.5 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Ternstroemia lineataTernstroemia lineatat0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae6pathogen - Compound
- katsumadine6
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effecte6
- Value
- 0.5 mg/mLe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ternstroemia lineata”
e6“katsumadin was evaluated against Salmonella Typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal effect at 0.5 mg/mL”