Abstract
Maize production is increasingly constrained by soil degradation, climate variability, and inefficient nutrient use. Excessive reliance on inorganic/synthetic fertilizers reduces soil organic carbon and created nutrient imbalances, highlighting the need for integrated nutrient management (INM) strategies to improve productivity, efficiency, and soil health. A two year (2021 and 2022) field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons. Treatments comprised three organic manures: goat manure, poultry manure, and vermicompost, combined with five fertilizer levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizers, RDF).Poultry manure (PM) + 100% RDF produced the highest cob yield (7.09 t ha -1 ), while vermicompost (VC) + 100% RDF resulted in maximum grain yield (5.31 t ha -1 ). These yields were statistically comparable with both 75% and 100% RDF levels across all organic manures; however, the 75% RDF level appears more suitable for scalability, as it maintained similar productivity while reducing fertilizer input requirements. Maximum net returns and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) were achieved with goat manure (GM) plus 100% RDF , however, these values were statistically comparable with both 75% and 100% RDF levels under GM and PM treatments, indicating that the 75% RDF level may be a more scalable option due to reduced fertilizer input without significant loss in economic returns or NUE. Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity, NUE, soil fertility, and profitability. Optimized fertilizer application (75–100%) with organic inputs offers a practical and scalable strategy for resilient, resource-efficient maize production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure plus 100% RDF gave the highest cob yield, 7.09 t ha -1.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Poultry manure (PM) + 100% RDF produced the highest cob yield (7.09 t ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus 100% RDF gave maximum grain yield, 5.31 t ha -1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“vermicompost (VC) + 100% RDF resulted in maximum grain yield (5.31 t ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields at 75% and 100% RDF were statistically comparable across organic manures.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“These yields were statistically comparable with both 75% and 100% RDF levels across all organic manures”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure plus 100% RDF achieved maximum net returns.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Maximum net returns and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) were achieved with goat manure (GM) plus 100% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure plus 100% RDF achieved maximum nutrient-use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Maximum net returns and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) were achieved with goat manure (GM) plus 100% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns were statistically comparable at 75% and 100% RDF under goat and poultry manure.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“these values were statistically comparable with both 75% and 100% RDF levels under GM and PM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient-use efficiency was statistically comparable at 75% and 100% RDF under goat and poultry manure.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Maximum net returns and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) were achieved with goat manure (GM) plus 100% RDF , however, these values were statistically comparable with both 75% and 100% RDF levels under GM and PM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity.
- Treatment
- Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- maize productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity, NUE, soil fertility, and profitability”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize nutrient-use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity, NUE, soil fertility, and profitability”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved soil fertility.
- Treatment
- Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity, NUE, soil fertility, and profitability”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved profitability.
- Treatment
- Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Integrating organic manures with mineral fertilizers improved maize productivity, NUE, soil fertility, and profitability”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 75% RDF with organic inputs as a scalable maize production option.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 75% RDF level appears more suitable for scalability, as it maintained similar productivity while reducing fertilizer input requirements”
t0“maize”
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