Abstract
Shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI) is an effective water-saving technology for semi-arid regions in Northeast China. However, under SBDI, the underlying mechanisms by which optimized irrigation frequency and quota regulate nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities to drive nitrogen translocation toward grains, and subsequently influence crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency, remain unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted with three irrigation frequencies, once every 7 d (F1), 14 d (F2), and 21 d (F3), and four irrigation quotas corresponding to 60% (I1), 80% (I2), 100% (I3), and 120% (I4) of crop evapotranspiration (ET c ). The results indicated that F1 increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 33% and 17% during the jointing and tasseling stages, respectively, compared to F3. Notably, I2 enhanced glutamine synthetase (GS) and NR activities by 19%–40% and 15%–32%, respectively, relative to other treatments. The synergistic effect of F1I2 significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation, and contribution rate to grain nitrogen. By stimulating GS and NR activities, this treatment facilitated nitrogen translocation, leading to higher nitrogen accumulation by grain during the milky stage (GMNA), which ultimately optimized yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN). In conclusion, optimizing irrigation frequency and quota under SBDI regulates maize yield and PFPN by modulating enzymatic activities to enhance nitrogen translocation to grain. These findings suggest that an irrigation frequency of once every 7 d combined with an irrigation quota of 80% ET c can maximize resource efficiency while maintaining high maize productivity in semi-arid environments. • Irrigation management optimization enhances nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity. • Increased enzyme activity facilitates nitrogen transport to the grains. • Enzyme-mediated nitrogen metabolism improves maize yield and PFPN. • The optimal irrigation frequency for SBDI is once every 7 d with an 80% ET c quota
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 7 days raised nitrate reductase activity at jointing by 33% relative to every 21 days.
- Organ / stage
- jointinge0
- Treatment
- once every 7 de1
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- 21 de1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F1 increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 33% and 17% during the jointing and tasseling stages, respectively, compared to F3”
e1“once every 7 d (F1), 14 d (F2), and 21 d (F3)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 7 days raised nitrate reductase activity at tasseling by 17% relative to every 21 days.
- Organ / stage
- tasselinge0
- Treatment
- once every 7 de1
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- 21 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F1 increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 33% and 17% during the jointing and tasseling stages, respectively, compared to F3”
e1“once every 7 d (F1), 14 d (F2), and 21 d (F3)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 80% evapotranspiration irrigation quota enhanced glutamine synthetase activity by 19%–40% relative to other treatments.
- Treatment
- 80% (I2)e1
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase (GS)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 19%–40%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I2 enhanced glutamine synthetase (GS) and NR activities by 19%–40% and 15%–32%, respectively, relative to other treatments”
e1“80% (I2)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 80% evapotranspiration irrigation quota enhanced nitrate reductase activity by 15%–32% relative to other treatments.
- Treatment
- 80% (I2)e2
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e1
- Outcome
- NR activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15%–32%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I2 enhanced glutamine synthetase (GS) and NR activities by 19%–40% and 15%–32%, respectively, relative to other treatments”
e1“nitrate reductase (NR) activity”
e2“80% (I2)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The F1I2 combination significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of F1I2 significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation, and contribution rate to grain nitrogen”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The F1I2 combination significantly promoted nitrogen translocation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of F1I2 significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation, and contribution rate to grain nitrogen”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The F1I2 combination significantly promoted contribution rate to grain nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of F1I2 significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen translocation, and contribution rate to grain nitrogen”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
F1I2 produced higher grain nitrogen accumulation at the milky stage by stimulating GS and NR activities and nitrogen translocation.
- Organ / stage
- milky stagee0
- Treatment
- F1I2e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulation by graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- stimulating GS and NR activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By stimulating GS and NR activities, this treatment facilitated nitrogen translocation, leading to higher nitrogen accumulation by grain during the milky stage (GMNA)”
e1“The synergistic effect of F1I2”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The F1I2 combination optimized maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which ultimately optimized yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN)”
e1“this treatment”
e2“The synergistic effect of F1I2”
t0“maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The F1I2 combination optimized partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer.
- Treatment
- F1I2e1
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN)e0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which ultimately optimized yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN)”
e1“The synergistic effect of F1I2”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend irrigation once every 7 days at 80% ET c under SBDI for resource efficiency and high maize productivity.
- Treatment
- once every 7 d combined with an irrigation quota of 80% ET ce0
- Outcome
- maximize resource efficiency while maintaining high maize productivitye0
- Setting
- semi-arid environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an irrigation frequency of once every 7 d combined with an irrigation quota of 80% ET c can maximize resource efficiency while maintaining high maize productivity in semi-arid environments”
e1“irrigation frequency and quota under SBDI regulates maize yield”
t0“maize”