Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively studied due to their rapid development and increasing application in agriculture; however, the potential of magnetic fields to mitigate the toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) remains unexplored. Magneto-priming can enhance seed performance without chemical inputs, contributing to green engineering, resource efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This study assesses the effectiveness of magneto-priming in enhancing triticale tolerance to ZnO-NP stress under both direct seed exposure and soil leachate treatments. Germination performance, seedling growth, root system development, and seedling vigor were assessed to characterize both phytotoxic effects and the mitigating role of magneto-priming. Direct seed exposure to ZnO-NPs reduced germination and slightly promoted root elongation at low doses, reflecting localized phytotoxicity. Magneto-priming increased shoot length by 28%, root length by 13–15%, roots per seed by 13%, and the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) by 29% under direct exposure, promoting more balanced early seedling development. However, in soil-leachate assays, where nanoparticle mobility and bioavailability were limited, magneto-priming reduced germination, SVI, and shoot length while enhancing root traits, indicating a system-dependent trade-off. Overall, these results highlight that the benefits of magneto-priming in mitigating ZnO-NP stress are context-specific, with clear positive effects under direct exposure but mixed responses under leachate conditions, emphasizing the importance of the exposure pathway in early seedling establishment strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Direct ZnO-NP exposure reduced triticale germination.
- Taxon
- Triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- Direct seed exposure to ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seed exposure to ZnO-NPs reduced germination and slightly promoted root elongation at low doses”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-dose direct ZnO-NP exposure slightly promoted triticale root elongation.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Direct seed exposure to ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- slightly promotede0
- Qualifier
- at low dosese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seed exposure to ZnO-NPs reduced germination and slightly promoted root elongation at low doses”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Magneto-priming increased triticale shoot length by 28% under direct exposure.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- under direct exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magneto-priming increased shoot length by 28%, root length by 13–15%, roots per seed by 13%, and the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) by 29% under direct exposure”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Magneto-priming increased triticale root length by 13–15% under direct exposure.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13–15%e0
- Qualifier
- under direct exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magneto-priming increased shoot length by 28%, root length by 13–15%, roots per seed by 13%, and the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) by 29% under direct exposure”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Magneto-priming increased roots per triticale seed by 13% under direct exposure.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- roots per seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- under direct exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magneto-priming increased shoot length by 28%, root length by 13–15%, roots per seed by 13%, and the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) by 29% under direct exposure”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Magneto-priming increased triticale SVI by 29% under direct exposure.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- Magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- Seedling Vigor Index (SVI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Qualifier
- under direct exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magneto-priming increased shoot length by 28%, root length by 13–15%, roots per seed by 13%, and the Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) by 29% under direct exposure”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
In soil-leachate assays magneto-priming reduced triticale germination, SVI, and shoot length.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- germination, SVI, and shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- soil-leachate assayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in soil-leachate assays, where nanoparticle mobility and bioavailability were limited, magneto-priming reduced germination, SVI, and shoot length while enhancing root traits”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
In soil-leachate assays magneto-priming enhanced triticale root traits.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- magneto-priminge0
- Outcome
- root traitse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Setting
- soil-leachate assayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in soil-leachate assays, where nanoparticle mobility and bioavailability were limited, magneto-priming reduced germination, SVI, and shoot length while enhancing root traits”
t0“Triticale”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · growth · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
transplanting · growth · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
nanoparticle · growth · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.