Abstract
The studies were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Under laboratory and field conditions, different forms and dosages of macro- and micronutrient nanoparticles and associated substances were tested in the treatment of seeds and plants of spring triticale and wheat. The preparations had a positive effect on seed germination, while higher rates reduced energy and germination. The germination energy and germination of triticale seeds increased by 4-10% with the application of preparations containing nanoparticles of copper, manganese, molybdenum, biogenic iron, Titan M. Treatment of daily seedlings with manganese, calcium, molybdenum, Titan M, biogenic iron, boron, potassium increased sprout length by 7.8-25% and sprout weight by 6-8% by day 7. Only already developing sprouts responded to the application of potassium. It was noted that the application of biogenic iron causes a 4-10% decrease in laboratory germination of seeds, but promotes the development of the main root. Its increase was 9-12% compared to the control. The inclusion of biogenic iron and silicon in the mixture to the chemical dressing reduced the effectiveness against root rot from 18% at the beginning of the growing season to 30% by the harvesting period. The application of biogenic iron increased the yield by 0,5-0,6 t/ha or 23% in the system of complex crop protection compared to the control and by 0,16-0,23 t/ha with the standard scheme of crop protection. A positive effect of biogenic iron in the treatment of plants during the earing phase as a separate element of the technology and in a tank mixture with fungicides was noted.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Preparations improved seed germination, while higher rates reduced germination energy and germination.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheat
Triticum aestivum
×Triticosecalee1 - Treatment
- preparationse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preparations had a positive effect on seed germination, while higher rates reduced energy and germination.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle preparations increased triticale germination energy and germination by 4-10%.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- preparations containing nanoparticles of copper, manganese, molybdenum, biogenic iron, Titan Me0
- Outcome
- germination energy and germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4-10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination energy and germination of triticale seeds increased by 4-10% with the application of preparations containing nanoparticles of copper, manganese, molybdenum, biogenic iron, Titan M.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling treatments increased sprout length by 7.8-25%.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- manganese, calcium, molybdenum, Titan M, biogenic iron, boron, potassiume0
- Outcome
- sprout lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8-25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of daily seedlings with manganese, calcium, molybdenum, Titan M, biogenic iron, boron, potassium increased sprout length by 7.8-25% and sprout weight by 6-8% by day 7.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling treatments increased sprout weight by 6-8%.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- manganese, calcium, molybdenum, Titan M, biogenic iron, boron, potassiume0
- Outcome
- sprout weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6-8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of daily seedlings with manganese, calcium, molybdenum, Titan M, biogenic iron, boron, potassium increased sprout length by 7.8-25% and sprout weight by 6-8% by day 7.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Only developing sprouts responded to potassium.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Organ / stage
- already developing sproutse0
- Treatment
- application of potassiume0
- Outcome
- respondede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only already developing sprouts responded to the application of potassium.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron decreased laboratory seed germination by 4-10%.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- application of biogenic irone0
- Outcome
- laboratory germination of seedse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 4-10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of biogenic iron causes a 4-10% decrease in laboratory germination of seeds”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron increased main root growth by 9-12% versus control.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee2
- Treatment
- application of biogenic irone1
- Outcome
- development of the main roote0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9-12%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes the development of the main root. Its increase was 9-12% compared to the control.”
e1“application of biogenic iron causes a 4-10% decrease in laboratory germination of seeds”
e2“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron and silicon reduced chemical dressing effectiveness against root rot.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- inclusion of biogenic iron and silicon in the mixture to the chemical dressinge0
- Outcome
- effectiveness against root rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of biogenic iron and silicon in the mixture to the chemical dressing reduced the effectiveness against root rot from 18% at the beginning of the growing season to 30% by the harvesting period.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron increased yield by 0,5-0,6 t/ha or 23% under complex crop protection versus control.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- application of biogenic irone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0,5-0,6 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- system of complex crop protectione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biogenic iron increased the yield by 0,5-0,6 t/ha or 23% in the system of complex crop protection compared to the control and by 0,16-0,23 t/ha with the standard scheme of crop protection.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron increased yield by 0,16-0,23 t/ha under standard crop protection.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- application of biogenic irone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0,16-0,23 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- standard scheme of crop protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biogenic iron increased the yield by 0,5-0,6 t/ha or 23% in the system of complex crop protection compared to the control and by 0,16-0,23 t/ha with the standard scheme of crop protection.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogenic iron had a positive effect when applied at earing alone or with fungicides.
- Taxon
- spring triticale and wheatTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalee1
- Organ / stage
- earing phasee0
- Treatment
- biogenic irone0
- Outcome
- positive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive effect of biogenic iron in the treatment of plants during the earing phase as a separate element of the technology and in a tank mixture with fungicides was noted.”
e1“spring triticale and wheat”
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titanium atom · growth · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.