Abstract
Spot blotch, caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, is one of the most important diseases on wheat. The effects of silicon (Si) on this wheat disease were studied. Plants of wheat cultivars BR-18 and BRS-208 were grown in plastic pots containing Si-deficient soil amended with either calcium silicate (+Si) or calcium carbonate (−Si). The content of Si in leaf tissue was significantly increased by 90.5% for the +Si treatment. There was no significant difference between Si treatments for calcium content, so variations in Si accounted for differences in the level of resistance to spot blotch. The incubation period was significantly increased by 40% for the +Si treatment. The area under spot blotch progress curve, number of lesions per cm2 of leaf area, and real disease severity significantly decreased by 62, 36 and 43.5% in +Si treatment. There was no significant effect of Si on lesion size. The role played by total soluble phenolics in the increased resistance to spot blotch of plants from both cultivars supplied with Si was not clear. Plants from cultivar BR-18 supplied with Si showed the highest values for concentration of lignin-thioglycolic acid derivatives during the most advanced stages of fungus infection. Chitinase activity was high at the most advanced stages of fungus infection on leaves from both cultivars supplied with Si and may have had an effect on fungus growth based on the reduction of the components of resistance evaluated. Peroxidase activity was found to be high only at 96 h after inoculation of both cultivars supplied with Si. Polyphenoloxidase activity had no apparent effect on resistance regardless of Si treatments. Results revealed that supplying Si to wheat plants can increase resistance against spot blotch.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply increased wheat leaf silicon content by 90.5%.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of Si in leaf tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 90.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Si in leaf tissue was significantly increased by 90.5% for the +Si treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium content did not significantly differ between silicon treatments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmentse0
- Outcome
- calcium contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference between Si treatments for calcium content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply increased the incubation period by 40%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- incubation periode0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incubation period was significantly increased by 40% for the +Si treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply decreased the area under the spot blotch progress curve by 62%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- area under spot blotch progress curvee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 62e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The area under spot blotch progress curve, number of lesions per cm2 of leaf area, and real disease severity significantly decreased by 62, 36 and 43.5% in +Si treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply decreased lesions per cm2 of leaf area by 36%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of lesions per cm2 of leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The area under spot blotch progress curve, number of lesions per cm2 of leaf area, and real disease severity significantly decreased by 62, 36 and 43.5% in +Si treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply decreased real disease severity by 43.5%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- real disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The area under spot blotch progress curve, number of lesions per cm2 of leaf area, and real disease severity significantly decreased by 62, 36 and 43.5% in +Si treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon had no significant effect on lesion size.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant effect of Si on lesion size”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The role of soluble phenolics in silicon-associated resistance was unclear.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- increased resistance to spot blotche0
- Qualifier
- was not cleare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The role played by total soluble phenolics in the increased resistance to spot blotch of plants from both cultivars supplied with Si was not clear”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-supplied BR-18 plants had the highest lignin-thioglycolic acid derivative concentrations at advanced infection stages.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- BR-18e0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- concentration of lignin-thioglycolic acid derivativese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- most advanced stages of fungus infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants from cultivar BR-18 supplied with Si showed the highest values for concentration of lignin-thioglycolic acid derivatives during the most advanced stages of fungus infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitinase activity was high in silicon-supplied leaves of both cultivars at advanced infection stages.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Gene
- Chitinasee0
- Outcome
- Chitinase activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinase activity was high at the most advanced stages of fungus infection on leaves from both cultivars supplied with Si”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitinase may have affected fungal growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Chitinasee0
- Outcome
- fungus growthe0
- Qualifier
- may have had an effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitinase activity was high at the most advanced stages of fungus infection on leaves from both cultivars supplied with Si and may have had an effect on fungus growth based on the reduction of the components of resistance evaluated”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity was high only 96 hours after inoculation in silicon-supplied plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- Peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- 96 h after inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxidase activity was found to be high only at 96 h after inoculation of both cultivars supplied with Si”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenoloxidase activity had no apparent effect on resistance across silicon treatments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si treatmentse0
- Gene
- Polyphenoloxidasee0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- no apparent effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyphenoloxidase activity had no apparent effect on resistance regardless of Si treatments”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded silicon supply can increase wheat resistance to spot blotch.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- supplying Si to wheat plants can increase resistance against spot blotche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplying Si to wheat plants can increase resistance against spot blotch”
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