Abstract
Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic) were suspended in plastic tubs containing 500 μmol L −1 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and 31 μmol L −1 KC1 as background solution. A1C1 3 (0 and 100 μmol L −1 ) and Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O (0 and 2000 μmol; L −1 ) were added to this basal nutrient medium, and solution pH was set at 4.2 or 4.6. Tubs were aerated and supplied with a continuous flow of pH-adjusted test solution. Plants were grown for 4 d in a growth cabinet at 25 °C with a 16 h photoperiod. At pH 4.2 and 4.6 root length of the seedlings was inhibited at 100 μmol L −1 Al. An amelioration of Al-induced toxicity symptoms was observed in the 100 μmol L −1 A1/2000 μmol L −1 Si treatment at pH 4.6, but not at pH 4.2. Both the shoot (S) and root (R) dry weight of seedlings treated with 100 μmol L −1 Al were reduced when compared with controls. Treatment with Al increased S:R ratios, and this effect was ameliorated by Si, but only at pH 4.6. Al content of roots treated with 100 μmol L −1 Al or 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Si increased significantly when compared with controls. More Al accumulated in the roots of seedlings of the 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Si treatment than in the 100 μmol L −1 treatment. Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes, and Si did not ameliorate this effect. Al treatment had little effect on seedling Ca levels. Three treatments were selected for a microanalytical investigation of the basal third of the root, and the zone 3.5 mm behind the root tip: 2800 μmol L −1 Si; 75 μmol Al; and a combination of the two. When plants were grown in 2800 μmol L −1 Si the major silica deposition sites in the roots were the endodermal walls. In the 75 μmol L −1 Al treatment, Al was mainly located in the epidermal and hypodermal walls. Al treatment caused a leakage of phosphorus into these cell walls. When both 2800 μmol L −1 and 75 μmol L −1 Al were present in the nutrient solution, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls, while both elements were present in the epidermal walls. Leakage of phosphorus appeared to be prevented in the presence of Si.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Al at 100 μmol L-1 inhibited root length of wheat seedlings at pH 4.2 and 4.6.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- cv. Celtice0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol L −1 Ale1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- At pH 4.2 and 4.6e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“At pH 4.2 and 4.6 root length of the seedlings was inhibited at 100 μmol L −1 Al”
Claim · model-written summary
Al at 100 μmol L-1 reduced shoot and root dry weight of wheat seedlings compared with controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Material
- cv. Celtice0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol L −1 Ale2
- Outcome
- shoot (S) and root (R) dry weighte2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e2“Both the shoot (S) and root (R) dry weight of seedlings treated with 100 μmol L −1 Al were reduced when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment increased shoot-to-root ratios of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Treatment with Ale3
- Outcome
- S:R ratiose3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e3“Treatment with Al increased S:R ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Si ameliorated the Al-induced increase in S:R ratios, but only at pH 4.6.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sie4
- Outcome
- S:R ratiose3
- Direction
- amelioratede4
- Qualifier
- only at pH 4.6e4
- Comparator
- Treatment with Ale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e3“Treatment with Al increased S:R ratios”
e4“this effect was ameliorated by Si, but only at pH 4.6”
Claim · model-written summary
Al at 100 μmol L-1 increased root Al content significantly relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol L −1 Ale5
- Outcome
- Al content of rootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e5“Al content of roots treated with 100 μmol L −1 Al or 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Si increased significantly when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Al at 100 μmol L-1 combined with Si at 2000 μmol L-1 increased root Al content significantly relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Sie5
- Outcome
- Al content of rootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e5“Al content of roots treated with 100 μmol L −1 Al or 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Si increased significantly when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Al accumulation was higher with 100 μmol L-1 Al plus 2000 μmol L-1 Si than with 100 μmol L-1 Al alone.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Sie6
- Outcome
- Al accumulated in the rootse6
- Direction
- Moree6
- Comparator
- 100 μmol L −1 treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e6“More Al accumulated in the roots of seedlings of the 100 μmol L −1 Al/2000 μmol L −1 Si treatment than in the 100 μmol L −1 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente7
- Outcome
- root and shoot K concentrationse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- under both pH regimese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e7“Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Si did not ameliorate the Al-induced reduction in K concentrations.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- K concentrationse7
- Direction
- did not amelioratee1
- Comparator
- Al treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e7“Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes”
e1“Si did not ameliorate this effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment had little effect on seedling Ca levels.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente1
- Outcome
- seedling Ca levelse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“Al treatment had little effect on seedling Ca levels”
Claim · model-written summary
With 2800 μmol L-1 Si, the major silica deposition sites in wheat roots were the endodermal walls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- endodermal wallse1
- Treatment
- 2800 μmol L −1 Sie1
- Outcome
- major silica deposition sites in the rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“When plants were grown in 2800 μmol L −1 Si the major silica deposition sites in the roots were the endodermal walls”
Claim · model-written summary
With 75 μmol L-1 Al, Al was mainly located in the epidermal and hypodermal walls of wheat roots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal and hypodermal wallse1
- Treatment
- 75 μmol L −1 Ale1
- Outcome
- Al was mainly locatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“In the 75 μmol L −1 Al treatment, Al was mainly located in the epidermal and hypodermal walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment caused phosphorus leakage into root cell walls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- cell wallse1
- Treatment
- Al treatmente1
- Outcome
- leakage of phosphoruse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“Al treatment caused a leakage of phosphorus into these cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
With both 2800 μmol L-1 Si and 75 μmol L-1 Al present, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- endodermal wallse1
- Treatment
- 2800 μmol L −1 and 75 μmol L −1 Ale1
- Outcome
- only Si was depositede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“When both 2800 μmol L −1 and 75 μmol L −1 Al were present in the nutrient solution, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls, while both elements were present in the epidermal walls”
Claim · model-written summary
With both 2800 μmol L-1 Si and 75 μmol L-1 Al present, both elements were present in the epidermal walls.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal wallse1
- Treatment
- 2800 μmol L −1 and 75 μmol L −1 Ale1
- Outcome
- both elements were presente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“When both 2800 μmol L −1 and 75 μmol L −1 Al were present in the nutrient solution, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls, while both elements were present in the epidermal walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Leakage of phosphorus appeared to be prevented in the presence of Si.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- Leakage of phosphoruse1
- Direction
- preventede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Celtic)”
e1“Leakage of phosphorus appeared to be prevented in the presence of Si”
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