Abstract
Abstract Plant carnivory evolved through gene co‐option and whole genome duplications (WGDs) over millions of years in at least 13 independent flowering plant lineages, but its genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. To elucidate these mechanisms in Sarraceniaceae, we sequenced and assembled the Sarracenia purpurea genome and conducted a comparative analysis with both carnivorous and non‐carnivorous species within a phylogenetic framework. Our chromosome‐scale assembly is the first carnivorous genome from the order Ericales and the largest carnivorous genome sequenced (3.41 Gbp). This assembly has an N 50 > 220 Mbp, L 50 = 7, and N max > 281.4 Mbp and contains 52,067 gene models, 96% of which are supported by direct mRNA evidence. The genome shows evidence of an ancient paleopolyploidization event about 81–84 Mya, which may have facilitated the evolution of different carnivory flavors within Sarraceniaceae. The WGD event resulted in the expansion of ∼33 gene families enriched in seven metabolic and regulatory pathways. The network of these seven pathways regulates plant defense and stress responses and appears to underpin carnivory in this species. Our comparative genomic analysis revealed that gene gain, rather than loss, was the primary driver of functional innovation and adaptation in Sarracenia and identified key orthogroups that may have contributed to the evolution of plant carnivory across different lineages. This genome is key to uncovering the genetic basis of plant carnivory, with broad relevance to evolution, ecology, and functional genomics.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The chromosome-scale Sarracenia assembly is 3.41 Gbp and the largest sequenced carnivorous genome.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpurea
Sarracenia purpureat0 - Outcome
- largest carnivorous genome sequencede0
- Value
- 3.41 Gbpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our chromosome‐scale assembly is the first carnivorous genome from the order Ericales and the largest carnivorous genome sequenced (3.41 Gbp).”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly has N50 over 220 Mbp, L50 of 7 and maximum contig over 281.4 Mbp.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- N 50 > 220 Mbp, L 50 = 7, and N max > 281.4 Mbpe0
- Value
- 220 Mbpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This assembly has an N 50 > 220 Mbp, L 50 = 7, and N max > 281.4 Mbp and contains 52,067 gene models, 96% of which are supported by direct mRNA evidence.”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly contains 52,067 gene models, 96% supported by mRNA evidence.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- gene modelse0
- Value
- 52,067e0
- Qualifier
- 96%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This assembly has an N 50 > 220 Mbp, L 50 = 7, and N max > 281.4 Mbp and contains 52,067 gene models, 96% of which are supported by direct mRNA evidence.”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
The genome shows paleopolyploidization around 81–84 Mya.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- ancient paleopolyploidization evente0
- Value
- 81–84 Myae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genome shows evidence of an ancient paleopolyploidization event about 81–84 Mya”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
WGD expanded about 33 gene families across seven pathways.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- expansion of ∼33 gene familiese0
- Direction
- expansione0
- Value
- ∼33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WGD event resulted in the expansion of ∼33 gene families enriched in seven metabolic and regulatory pathways.”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven pathway networks appear to underpin defense, stress response and carnivory.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- plant defense and stress responsese0
- Qualifier
- network of these seven pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The network of these seven pathways regulates plant defense and stress responses and appears to underpin carnivory in this species.”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene gain was identified as the primary driver of functional innovation and adaptation.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia
Sarraceniae0 - Outcome
- functional innovation and adaptatione0
- Qualifier
- gene gaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene gain, rather than loss, was the primary driver of functional innovation and adaptation in Sarracenia”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative analysis identified orthogroups potentially involved in carnivory evolution.
- Taxon
- Sarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpureat0
- Outcome
- key orthogroupse0
- Qualifier
- may have contributede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified key orthogroups that may have contributed to the evolution of plant carnivory across different lineages.”
t0“Sarracenia purpurea”