Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is the single most important mechanism utilized by flowering plants to avoid self-fertilization, thus preventing inbreeding and promoting outcrossing. Many plant SI systems are genetically controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus, containing two tightly linked genes that encode the female and male S-determinants. When pollen lands on a "self" pistil, interaction between cognate female and male S-determinants induces an SI signaling response, resulting in the failure of self-fertilization. Here, we review currently known SI systems that utilize receptor-ligand interactions to control pollen rejection on the stigma surface. Although detailed molecular and cellular information is only known for the SI systems in the Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae, it is apparent that the S-determinants of other SI systems (e.g., in the Poaceae and the Convolvulaceae) are likely to also utilize receptor-ligand interactions to prevent self-fertilization. Strikingly, although most of these systems all appear to utilize cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) as ligands to induce an SI response, only one of these receptors is a receptor-like kinase (RLK); the other "receptors" identified to date are proteins of unknown function, which we propose to be atypical receptors (ATRs). Although many of these receptors were identified some time ago, their atypical nature raises many questions, including how they function mechanistically, how they evolved and whether they are found in other plant cell-cell communication systems.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Known stigma-surface self-incompatibility systems use receptor–ligand interactions to control pollen rejection.
- Outcome
- pollen rejectione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SI systems that utilize receptor-ligand interactions to control pollen rejection on the stigma surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Detailed molecular and cellular information is available for Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae self-incompatibility systems.
- Taxon
- Brassicaceae and PapaveraceaePapaveraceaeBrassicaceaee0
- Outcome
- detailed molecular and cellular informatione0
Verbatim
e0“detailed molecular and cellular information is only known for the SI systems in the Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Poaceae and Convolvulaceae self-incompatibility systems are likely to use receptor–ligand interactions.
- Taxon
- Poaceae and the ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceaePoaceaee0
- Gene
- S-determinantse0
- Outcome
- prevent self-fertilizatione0
Verbatim
e0“S-determinants of other SI systems (e.g., in the Poaceae and the Convolvulaceae) are likely to also utilize receptor-ligand interactions to prevent self-fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Most reviewed systems appear to use cysteine-rich proteins as self-incompatibility ligands.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“most of these systems all appear to utilize cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) as ligands to induce an SI response”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one identified self-incompatibility receptor is a receptor-like kinase; others are proteins of unknown function proposed as atypical receptors.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“only one of these receptors is a receptor-like kinase (RLK); the other "receptors" identified to date are proteins of unknown function, which we propose to be atypical receptors (ATRs)”