Abstract
Individual movements of the insect vector pine sawyer beetles were incorporated into an individual-based model (IBM) to elucidate the dispersal of pine wilt disease (PWD) and demonstrate the effects of control practices. The model results were compared with the spatial data of infested pine trees in the Gijang-gun area of Busan, Republic of Korea. Step functions with long- and middle-distance movements of individual beetles effectively established symptomatic and asymptomatic trees for the dispersal of PWD. Pair correlations and pairwise distances were suitable for evaluating PWD dispersal between model results and field data at short and long scales, respectively. The accordance between model and field data was observed in infestation rates at 0.08 and 0.09 and asymptomatic rates at 0.16–0.17 for disease dispersal. Eradication radii longer than 20 m would effectively control PWD dispersal for symptomatic transmission and 20–40 m for asymptomatic transmission. However, the longer eradication radii were more effective at controlling PWD. Therefore, to maximize control effects, a longer radius of at least 40 m is recommended for clear-cutting eradication. The IBM of individual movement patterns provided practical information on interlinking the levels of individuals and populations and could contribute to the monitoring and management of forest pests where individual movement is important for population dispersal.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Long- and middle-distance beetle movements established symptomatic and asymptomatic trees in the model.
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- symptomatic and asymptomatic treese0
PinusNot reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Step functions with long- and middle-distance movements of individual beetles effectively established symptomatic and asymptomatic trees for the dispersal of PWD.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Pair correlations and pairwise distances were suitable for short- and long-scale evaluation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pair correlations and pairwise distances were suitable for evaluating PWD dispersal between model results and field data at short and long scales, respectively.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Model and field data agreed at infestation rates of 0.08 and 0.09.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accordance between model and field data was observed in infestation rates at 0.08 and 0.09 and asymptomatic rates at 0.16–0.17 for disease dispersal.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Model and field data agreed at asymptomatic rates of 0.16–0.17.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The accordance between model and field data was observed in infestation rates at 0.08 and 0.09 and asymptomatic rates at 0.16–0.17 for disease dispersal.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradication radii over 20 m effectively controlled symptomatic transmission.
- Treatment
- Eradication radii longer than 20 me0
- Outcome
- PWD dispersal for symptomatic transmissione0
- Direction
- controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eradication radii longer than 20 m would effectively control PWD dispersal for symptomatic transmission and 20–40 m for asymptomatic transmission.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Eradication radii of 20–40 m effectively controlled asymptomatic transmission.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eradication radii longer than 20 m would effectively control PWD dispersal for symptomatic transmission and 20–40 m for asymptomatic transmission.”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer eradication radii controlled pine wilt disease more effectively.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the longer eradication radii were more effective at controlling PWD”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend at least 40 m for clear-cutting eradication.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a longer radius of at least 40 m is recommended for clear-cutting eradication”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The IBM provided practical information for forest pest monitoring and management.
- Outcome
- practical information on interlinking the levels of individuals and populationse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IBM of individual movement patterns provided practical information on interlinking the levels of individuals and populations and could contribute to the monitoring and management of forest pests”
t0“Pine Wilt Disease”