Abstract
Abstract Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) with multiple therapeutic and hygienic benefits, and found accumulating in plant seeds. It is essential for developing innovative plant source of NA to elucidate the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis and accumulation. We presented high-quality chromosome-level de novo genome assemblies of two contrasting NA-producing plants: high-NA Macaranga indica and low-NA M. denticulata. we found that bothM. indica and M. denticulata retained considerable repetitive sequences, similar chromosome arrangements, analogous regulation models in capsule maturation. Correlated to faster accumulating NA, M. indica streamlined genes and regulators of FA biosynthesis, FA elongation and TAG biosynthesis through three directions: uniform regulators, less analogous and higher expression of genes. In contrast, M. denticulata bequeathed diverse environment response, and more analogous or redundant duplications. Despite their sympatric distribution, the two species showed staggered flowering. Therein, cold, ABA and phosphate starvation were major elicitors to M. indica, and core genes were identified as KCS, PDAT and DGAT. Further resequencing analysis of M. indica revealed geography-specific gene polymorphisms and migration pathways. Our results unveil the differences in NA biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms between M. indica and M. denticulata. This understanding, combined with insights into cultivating strategies and regional genetic diversity, provides a basis for the domestication and breeding of Macaranga species toward efficient NA production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The authors produced chromosome-level genome assemblies for M. indica and M. denticulata.
- Taxon
- Macaranga indica
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Macaranga indicae0 - Outcome
- chromosome-level de novo genome assembliese0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“high-quality chromosome-level de novo genome assemblies of two contrasting NA-producing plants: high-NA Macaranga indica and low-NA M. denticulata”
Claim · model-written summary
M. indica is the higher nervonic acid producer.
- Taxon
- Macaranga indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Outcome
- NAe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- M. denticulatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high-NA Macaranga indica and low-NA M. denticulata”
Claim · model-written summary
M. denticulata is the lower nervonic acid producer.
- Taxon
- M. denticulata
Macaranga denticulatae0 - Outcome
- NAe0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- Macaranga indicae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high-NA Macaranga indica and low-NA M. denticulata”
Claim · model-written summary
Both species retained considerable repetitive sequences.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Outcome
- considerable repetitive sequencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bothM. indica and M. denticulata retained considerable repetitive sequences”
Claim · model-written summary
The species had similar chromosome arrangements.
- Taxon
- M. denticulataMacaranga denticulatae0
- Outcome
- similar chromosome arrangementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bothM. indica and M. denticulata retained considerable repetitive sequences, similar chromosome arrangements, analogous regulation models in capsule maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
The species had analogous regulation models during capsule maturation.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Outcome
- analogous regulation models in capsule maturatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bothM. indica and M. denticulata retained considerable repetitive sequences, similar chromosome arrangements, analogous regulation models in capsule maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Faster nervonic acid accumulation in M. indica correlated with streamlined fatty acid and TAG pathway genes and regulators.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Gene
- genes and regulators of FA biosynthesis, FA elongation and TAG biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- faster accumulating NAe0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- uniform regulators, less analogous and higher expression of genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlated to faster accumulating NA, M. indica streamlined genes and regulators of FA biosynthesis, FA elongation and TAG biosynthesis through three directions: uniform regulators, less analogous and higher expression of genes”
Claim · model-written summary
M. denticulata showed diverse environmental response and more analogous or redundant duplications.
- Taxon
- M. denticulataMacaranga denticulatae0
- Outcome
- diverse environment responsee0
- Qualifier
- more analogous or redundant duplicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. denticulata bequeathed diverse environment response, and more analogous or redundant duplications”
Claim · model-written summary
The sympatric Macaranga species flowered at staggered times.
- Outcome
- staggered floweringe0
MacarangaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite their sympatric distribution, the two species showed staggered flowering”
t0“Macaranga species”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold, ABA and phosphate starvation were major elicitors for M. indica.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Treatment
- cold, ABA and phosphate starvatione0
- Outcome
- major elicitorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold, ABA and phosphate starvation were major elicitors to M. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
KCS, PDAT and DGAT were identified as core genes for M. indica.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae1
- Gene
- KCS, PDAT and DGATe0
- Outcome
- core genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“core genes were identified as KCS, PDAT and DGAT”
e1“cold, ABA and phosphate starvation were major elicitors to M. indica”
Claim · model-written summary
M. indica resequencing revealed geography-specific gene polymorphisms.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Outcome
- geography-specific gene polymorphismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further resequencing analysis of M. indica revealed geography-specific gene polymorphisms and migration pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
M. indica resequencing revealed migration pathways.
- Taxon
- M. indicaMacaranga indicae0
- Outcome
- migration pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further resequencing analysis of M. indica revealed geography-specific gene polymorphisms and migration pathways”