Abstract
Extensive use of chemical herbicides has raised serious concerns regarding agricultural sustainability and ecological safety, highlighting the need for environment friendly bioherbicides. In this study, activity-guided fractionation led to the identification of xanthoxylin and α-santonin from the ethanol extract of a dominant desert plant, Seriphidium transiliense, with the phytotoxicity of xanthoxylin being reported for the first time. Petri dish bioassay revealed that both compounds significantly suppressed seedling growth of tested plants in a dose-dependent manner; at 1000 μg/mL, α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively, whereas the corresponding inhibition rates for xanthoxylin were 59.15%, 89.71%, 38.80%, and 62.90%. Following pot experiments revealed that both compounds significantly increased MDA content and altered the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD of A. retroflexus seedlings, indicating the induction of oxidative stress. Treated plants also displayed chlorosis and leaf whitening, suggesting possible disturbance of photosynthetic pigment-related processes; subsequent molecular docking further implied that both compounds may interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), a key enzyme associated with tetrapyrrole metabolism and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Our results suggests that α-santonin and xanthoxylin have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicides.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin phytotoxicity from Seriphidium transiliense is reported for the first time.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Compound
- xanthoxyline1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of xanthoxyline1
- Qualifier
- reported for the first timee1
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“with the phytotoxicity of xanthoxylin being reported for the first time”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin and α-santonin were identified from the ethanol extract of Seriphidium transiliense.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Compound
- α-santonine1
- Outcome
- identification of xanthoxylin and α-santonine1
- Qualifier
- from the ethanol extracte1
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“led to the identification of xanthoxylin and α-santonin from the ethanol extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Both compounds significantly suppressed seedling growth of tested plants in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- both compoundse1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“both compounds significantly suppressed seedling growth of tested plants in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 98.25%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- α-santonine1
- Interactor
- Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse1other - Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 98.25%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
α-santonin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 79.75%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- α-santonine1
- Interactor
- Setaria viridis
.jpg?width=60)
Setaria viridise1other - Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 79.75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
α-santonin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 71.40%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- α-santonine1
- Interactor
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativae1other - Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 71.40%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
α-santonin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.75%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- α-santonine1
- Interactor
- Oxybasis glauca
Oxybasis glaucae1other - Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 62.75%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus by 59.15%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- xanthoxyline2
- Interactor
- Amaranthus retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1other
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 59.15%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
e2“the corresponding inhibition rates for xanthoxylin were 59.15%, 89.71%, 38.80%, and 62.90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Setaria viridis by 89.71%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- xanthoxyline2
- Interactor
- Setaria viridisSetaria viridise1other
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 89.71%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
e2“the corresponding inhibition rates for xanthoxylin were 59.15%, 89.71%, 38.80%, and 62.90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Medicago sativa by 38.80%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- xanthoxyline2
- Interactor
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae1other
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 38.80%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
e2“the corresponding inhibition rates for xanthoxylin were 59.15%, 89.71%, 38.80%, and 62.90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthoxylin inhibited root growth of Oxybasis glauca by 62.90%.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- xanthoxyline2
- Interactor
- Oxybasis glaucaOxybasis glaucae1other
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 62.90%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“α-santonin inhibited root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Medicago sativa, and Oxybasis glauca by 98.25%, 79.75%, 71.40%, and 62.75%, respectively”
e2“the corresponding inhibition rates for xanthoxylin were 59.15%, 89.71%, 38.80%, and 62.90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Both compounds significantly increased MDA content in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- both compoundse1
- Interactor
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1other
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“both compounds significantly increased MDA content and altered the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD of A. retroflexus seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both compounds altered the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Treatment
- both compoundse1
- Interactor
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse1other
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, CAT, and PODe1
- Direction
- alterede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“both compounds significantly increased MDA content and altered the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD of A. retroflexus seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated test plants displayed chlorosis and leaf whitening.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and leaf whiteninge1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“Treated plants also displayed chlorosis and leaf whitening”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular docking implies that both compounds may interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Gene
- protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)e1
- Outcome
- interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidasee1
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“subsequent molecular docking further implied that both compounds may interact with protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), a key enzyme associated with tetrapyrrole metabolism and chlorophyll biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that α-santonin and xanthoxylin have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicides.
- Taxon
- Seriphidium transilienseArtemisia transiliensist0
- Outcome
- have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicidese1
Verbatim
t0“Seriphidium transiliense”
e1“Our results suggests that α-santonin and xanthoxylin have the potential to be developed as bio-herbicides”