Abstract
Plant immune systems rely on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to specifically detect diverse pathogen/pest-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). While many distinct receptors are known to mediate PAMP recognition, the role of transcriptional regulation of PRRs remains poorly understood. In legume plants, Inceptin Receptor (INR) senses an 11-amino acid peptide, In11, to activate direct and indirect defenses against caterpillar pests. Here we investigated the genetic basis of the rare In11 insensitivity phenotype found in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) landraces. Natural variation in the rapid In11-induced ethylene response corresponded with genetic variation at the locus encoding INR itself. Surprisingly, phenotypic variation corresponded with expression level of INR , rather than coding sequence variation. Promoter sequence variation across 21 accessions of Andean Phaseolus vulgaris from northwestern Argentina, as well as near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from crosses between an In11-sensitive and insensitive line, corresponded with strength of In11-induced ethylene response. Promoter alleles also corresponded with strength of activation of a luciferase reporter in the heterologous expression model, Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that cis-element variation is sufficient to drive differences in leaf expression levels. Surprisingly, NILs encoding either WT INR or the lower expression inr-2 allele did not show differences in resistance to herbivory by beet armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua ), or in In11-pretreatment protection assays, suggesting that even low INR expression can still mediate effective responses against herbivores despite insensitivity to the In11 elicitor in laboratory assays. Our results demonstrate that natural variation in PRR expression can contribute to differential PAMP responses while not necessarily affecting downstream resistance phenotypes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid In11 induced ethylene responses corresponded to variation at the INR locus.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Gene
- INRe0
- Outcome
- rapid In11-induced ethylene responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Natural variation in the rapid In11-induced ethylene response corresponded with genetic variation at the locus encoding INR itself”
t0“common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )”
Claim · model-written summary
The In11 response phenotype corresponded to INR expression rather than coding sequence variation.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Gene
- INRe0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variatione0
- Comparator
- coding sequence variatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenotypic variation corresponded with expression level of INR , rather than coding sequence variation”
t0“common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )”
Claim · model-written summary
INR promoter variation corresponded to In11 induced ethylene response strength across accessions and NILs.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Gene
- Promoter sequencee0
- Outcome
- strength of In11-induced ethylene responsee0
- Setting
- northwestern Argentinae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promoter sequence variation across 21 accessions of Andean Phaseolus vulgaris from northwestern Argentina, as well as near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from crosses between an In11-sensitive and insensitive line, corresponded with strength of In11-induced ethylene response”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter alleles corresponded to luciferase reporter activation in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- Promoter allelese0
- Outcome
- strength of activation of a luciferase reportere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promoter alleles also corresponded with strength of activation of a luciferase reporter in the heterologous expression model, Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that cis element variation can drive leaf expression differences.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- differences in leaf expression levelse0
- Qualifier
- cis-element variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that cis-element variation is sufficient to drive differences in leaf expression levels”
t0“common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )”
Claim · model-written summary
NILs with WT INR and lower expression inr-2 did not differ in resistance to beet armyworm herbivory.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- NILse0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera exigua
Spodoptera exiguae0herbivore - Gene
- inr-2e0
- Outcome
- resistance to herbivory by beet armyworme0
- Direction
- did not show differencese0
- Comparator
- WT INRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NILs encoding either WT INR or the lower expression inr-2 allele did not show differences in resistance to herbivory by beet armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua )”
t0“common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )”
Claim · model-written summary
NILs with WT INR and lower expression inr-2 did not differ in In11 pretreatment protection.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- NILse0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera exiguaSpodoptera exiguae0herbivore
- Gene
- inr-2e0
- Outcome
- In11-pretreatment protectione0
- Direction
- did not show differencese0
- Comparator
- WT INRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NILs encoding either WT INR or the lower expression inr-2 allele did not show differences in resistance to herbivory by beet armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua ), or in In11-pretreatment protection assays”
t0“common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )”