Abstract
To elucidate the cooperative regulatory mechanisms underlying Paraburkholderia sp. GD17-mediated salt tolerance in cucumber plants. Hydroponically grown cucumber plants were inoculated with GD17 and subsequently subjected to NaCl treatment. Physiological, biochemical parameters, as well as gene expression profiles, were comprehensively analyzed. GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance. Under salt stress, GD17-inoculated plants exhibited higher leaf nutrient contents compared to non-inoculated controls, particularly an elevated K+/Na+ ratio, which was closely associated with the upregulated expression of Na+ extrusion-related genes. A substantial increase in proline content and the corresponding biosynthesis-related gene expression indicated that enhanced osmoprotectant synthesis played a critical role in GD17-conferred salt tolerance. Phytohormone levels and their signaling-related gene expression were also significantly upregulated in GD17-inoculated plants under salt stress. Moreover, transcription factor gene expression was markedly increased in GD17-treated plants following salt exposure. GD17 inoculation alleviated salt-induced photosynthetic inhibition, as demonstrated by improved photosynthetic efficiency and reduced suppression of photosynthesis-related gene expression. Transcriptional profiling further revealed that starch degradation, photorespiration, and the pentose phosphate pathway were crucial for GD17-mediated salt tolerance. Reduced oxidative damage, driven by enhanced antioxidative activity, further contributed to the observed protective mechanisms. This study demonstrates that the application of Paraburkholderia sp. GD17 concurrently enhances cucumber growth and salinity tolerance, effectively resolving the trade-off between growth and defense. Multi-level analyses provided comprehensive mechanistic insights into these synergistic effects.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
GD17 inoculation improved cucumber growth, development, and salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- GD17 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress GD17 increased leaf nutrient content relative to controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Under salt stresse0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress, GD17-inoculated plants exhibited higher leaf nutrient contents compared to non-inoculated controls”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
GD17 raised the K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17-inoculatede1
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly an elevated K+/Na+ ratio”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“Under salt stress, GD17-inoculated plants exhibited higher leaf nutrient contents compared to non-inoculated controls”
e2“Under salt stress, GD17-inoculated plants exhibited higher leaf nutrient contents compared to non-inoculated controls”
e3“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated K+/Na+ ratio was associated with upregulated sodium extrusion genes.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- Na+ extrusion-related genese0
- Outcome
- upregulated expression of Na+ extrusion-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- closely associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was closely associated with the upregulated expression of Na+ extrusion-related genes”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content increased substantially after GD17 inoculation.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17 inoculatione1
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A substantial increase in proline content and the corresponding biosynthesis-related gene expression”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
e2“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline biosynthesis gene expression increased.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17 inoculatione1
- Gene
- biosynthesis-related genee0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A substantial increase in proline content and the corresponding biosynthesis-related gene expression”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
e2“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone levels increased significantly in inoculated plants under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Phytohormone levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- under salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytohormone levels and their signaling-related gene expression were also significantly upregulated in GD17-inoculated plants under salt stress”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone signaling gene expression increased significantly.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Gene
- signaling-related genee0
- Outcome
- signaling-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytohormone levels and their signaling-related gene expression were also significantly upregulated in GD17-inoculated plants under salt stress”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcription factor gene expression increased after salt exposure.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17-treatede0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Gene
- transcription factor genee0
- Outcome
- transcription factor gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription factor gene expression was markedly increased in GD17-treated plants following salt exposure”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
GD17 inoculation improved photosynthetic efficiency under salt stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17 inoculatione0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GD17 inoculation alleviated salt-induced photosynthetic inhibition, as demonstrated by improved photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
GD17 reduced suppression of photosynthesis gene expression.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- GD17 inoculatione1
- Gene
- photosynthesis-related genee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- reduced suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced suppression of photosynthesis-related gene expression”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
e2“GD17 inoculation significantly improved plant growth, developmental performance, and salinity tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptional profiling implicated starch degradation, photorespiration, and the pentose phosphate pathway in GD17 salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- GD17e0symbiont
- Outcome
- GD17-mediated salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- starch degradation, photorespiration, and the pentose phosphate pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch degradation, photorespiration, and the pentose phosphate pathway were crucial for GD17-mediated salt tolerance”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced antioxidant activity contributed to reduced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- Reduced oxidative damagee0
- Qualifier
- enhanced antioxidative activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced oxidative damage, driven by enhanced antioxidative activity”
t0“Cucumber”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.