Abstract
Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration, primarily due to enzymatic browning and microbial growth. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of 60Co-γ irradiation in preserving the quality of fresh-cut lotus root. The results demonstrated that irradiation effectively controlled total bacterial numbers within 5 log10 CFU/g throughout the storage period. Irradiation significantly inhibited browning, reducing the browning index by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectively, compared to the control. This inhibitory effect was attributed to the delayed degradation of total phenolics and the suppressed accumulation of soluble quinones, the direct browning precursors. Irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, with the 3 kGy treatment exerting the strongest suppressive effect; however, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) remained unaffected. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching. This phenomenon provides direct evidence that the enzyme's tertiary structure was disrupted, which in turn lead to the exposure of its hydrophobic core and ultimately resulted in functional inactivation. 60Co-γ irradiation is a highly effective technology for maintaining the quality of fresh-cut lotus root, primarily through direct microbial inactivation and the suppression of the PPO-mediated browning pathway.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation effectively controlled total bacterial numbers in fresh-cut lotus root within 5 log10 CFU/g during storage.
- Taxon
- lotus root
Nelumbo nuciferae0 - Treatment
- irradiatione1
- Outcome
- total bacterial numberse1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- within 5 log10 CFU/ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“irradiation effectively controlled total bacterial numbers within 5 log10 CFU/g throughout the storage period”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation significantly inhibited browning of fresh-cut lotus root.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Outcome
- browninge1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation significantly inhibited browning, reducing the browning index by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 1 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 19.6% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Outcome
- browning indexe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 19.6%e1
- Qualifier
- 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectivelye1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation significantly inhibited browning, reducing the browning index by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 2 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 25.3% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Outcome
- browning indexe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 25.3%e1
- Qualifier
- 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectivelye1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation significantly inhibited browning, reducing the browning index by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 3 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 28.6% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Outcome
- browning indexe1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 28.6%e1
- Qualifier
- 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectivelye1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation significantly inhibited browning, reducing the browning index by 19.6%, 25.3%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, and 3 kGy, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The browning inhibition by irradiation is attributed to delayed degradation of total phenolics and suppressed accumulation of soluble quinones.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte1
- Qualifier
- delayed degradation of total phenolics and the suppressed accumulation of soluble quinonese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“This inhibitory effect was attributed to the delayed degradation of total phenolics and the suppressed accumulation of soluble quinones”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of PPO activity in fresh-cut lotus root.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e1
- Outcome
- activitye1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- dose-dependente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3 kGy treatment exerted the strongest suppressive effect on PPO.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- 3 kGy treatmente1
- Outcome
- suppressive effecte1
- Direction
- strongeste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“with the 3 kGy treatment exerting the strongest suppressive effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation left PAL and POD activities unaffected.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- Irradiatione1
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD)e1
- Outcome
- activitiese1
- Direction
- remained unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“Irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, with the 3 kGy treatment exerting the strongest suppressive effect; however, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure of PPO.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- three kGy irradiatione1
- Gene
- PPOe1
- Outcome
- rearrangements in the secondary structuree1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Three kGy irradiation disrupted the tertiary structure of PPO.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- three kGy irradiatione1
- Gene
- PPOe1
- Outcome
- disruption of the tertiary structuree1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Three kGy irradiation reduced the alpha-helix content of PPO from 35.4% to 18.4%.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- three kGy irradiatione1
- Gene
- PPOe1
- Outcome
- α-helix contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- from 35.4% to 18.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Three kGy irradiation shifted the fluorescence spectra of PPO by a 12 nm redshift.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- three kGy irradiatione1
- Gene
- PPOe1
- Outcome
- fluorescence spectrae1
- Direction
- redshifte1
- Value
- 12 nme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Three kGy irradiation significantly quenched PPO fluorescence.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Treatment
- three kGy irradiatione1
- Gene
- PPOe1
- Outcome
- fluorescencee1
- Direction
- quenchinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure, and disruption of the tertiary structure of PPO. Specifically, CD analysis definitively characterized conformational changes in PPO, showing a dramatic reduction in the α-helix content from 35.4% to 18.4%. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectra of PPO exhibited a 12 nm redshift accompanied by significant fluorescence quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of PPO tertiary structure exposes its hydrophobic core and leads to functional inactivation of the enzyme.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
- Outcome
- functional inactivatione1
- Qualifier
- exposure of its hydrophobic coree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
e1“This phenomenon provides direct evidence that the enzyme's tertiary structure was disrupted, which in turn lead to the exposure of its hydrophobic core and ultimately resulted in functional inactivation”
Claim · model-written summary
60Co-gamma irradiation maintains fresh-cut lotus root quality mainly through direct microbial inactivation and suppression of the PPO-mediated browning pathway.
- Taxon
- lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae1
- Outcome
- maintaining the qualitye1
- Qualifier
- direct microbial inactivation and the suppression of the PPO-mediated browning pathwaye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“60Co-γ irradiation is a highly effective technology for maintaining the quality of fresh-cut lotus root, primarily through direct microbial inactivation and the suppression of the PPO-mediated browning pathway”