Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of the resinous exudate from the Chilean plant Adesmia balsamica using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods led to the identification of five known metabolites: 1-(2’,4’-dihydroxy-5′-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-one (1), glabranin (2), isocordoin (3), 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4), and 7-hydroxyflavanone (5). Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis and complemented by in silico molecular docking against Htp-1 and ATPase. Results identified 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) as the most potent compound, with high efficacy (MIC ≤ 0.02 µM) and achieving 100% inhibition of both mycelial growth and cell membrane lysis, supported by highly favourable binding energies (−7.95 kcal/mol). The prenylated flavanone glabranin (2) also showed significant activity, with MIC values as low as 0.04 µM and causing up to 78% membrane damage. In conclusion, chalcone 4 and flavanone 2 are the primary drivers of the exudate’s bioactivity, positioning them as promising candidates for developing new biopesticides to control saprolegniosis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The chalcone 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) had the lowest MIC, at or below 0.02 µM, against Saprolegnia parasitica.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamica
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Adesmia balsamicat0 - Interactor
- Saprolegnia parasiticaSaprolegnia parasiticae0pathogen
- Compound
- 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4)e1
- Outcome
- MICe1
- Value
- ≤ 0.02 µMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e0“in vitro against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis”
e1“Results identified 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) as the most potent compound, with high efficacy (MIC ≤ 0.02 µM) and achieving 100% inhibition of both mycelial growth and cell membrane lysis, supported by highly favourable binding energies (−7.95 kcal/mol)”
Claim · model-written summary
The chalcone 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) gave 100% inhibition of Saprolegnia mycelial growth and cell membrane lysis.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Interactor
- Saprolegnia parasiticaSaprolegnia parasiticae0pathogen
- Compound
- 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4)e1
- Outcome
- mycelial growth and cell membrane lysise1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 100%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e0“in vitro against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis”
e1“Results identified 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) as the most potent compound, with high efficacy (MIC ≤ 0.02 µM) and achieving 100% inhibition of both mycelial growth and cell membrane lysis, supported by highly favourable binding energies (−7.95 kcal/mol)”
Claim · model-written summary
Docking of 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) gave a binding energy of −7.95 kcal/mol.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Compound
- 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4)e1
- Outcome
- binding energiese1
- Value
- −7.95 kcal/mole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e1“Results identified 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone (4) as the most potent compound, with high efficacy (MIC ≤ 0.02 µM) and achieving 100% inhibition of both mycelial growth and cell membrane lysis, supported by highly favourable binding energies (−7.95 kcal/mol)”
Claim · model-written summary
The prenylated flavanone glabranin (2) had significant activity against Saprolegnia, with MIC values as low as 0.04 µM.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Interactor
- Saprolegnia parasiticaSaprolegnia parasiticae0pathogen
- Compound
- glabranin (2)e2
- Outcome
- MIC valuese2
- Value
- 0.04 µMe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e0“in vitro against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis”
e2“The prenylated flavanone glabranin (2) also showed significant activity, with MIC values as low as 0.04 µM and causing up to 78% membrane damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Glabranin (2) caused up to 78 percent membrane damage in Saprolegnia.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Interactor
- Saprolegnia parasiticaSaprolegnia parasiticae0pathogen
- Compound
- glabranin (2)e2
- Outcome
- membrane damagee2
- Value
- up to 78%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e0“in vitro against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis”
e2“The prenylated flavanone glabranin (2) also showed significant activity, with MIC values as low as 0.04 µM and causing up to 78% membrane damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochemical analysis of the Adesmia balsamica exudate identified five known metabolites.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Outcome
- identification of five known metabolitese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e3“Phytochemical analysis of the resinous exudate from the Chilean plant Adesmia balsamica using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods led to the identification of five known metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Chalcone 4 and flavanone 2 are the primary drivers of the Adesmia balsamica exudate bioactivity.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Compound
- chalcone 4 and flavanone 2e4
- Outcome
- bioactivitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e4“In conclusion, chalcone 4 and flavanone 2 are the primary drivers of the exudate’s bioactivity, positioning them as promising candidates for developing new biopesticides to control saprolegniosis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors position the flavonoids as promising candidates for developing new biopesticides against saprolegniosis.
- Taxon
- Adesmia balsamicaAdesmia balsamicat0
- Outcome
- developing new biopesticides to control saprolegniosise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoids from Adesmia balsamica”
e4“In conclusion, chalcone 4 and flavanone 2 are the primary drivers of the exudate’s bioactivity, positioning them as promising candidates for developing new biopesticides to control saprolegniosis”