Abstract
In most rainfed areas, crop productivity is strongly affected by lack of soil fertility and unreliable rainfall. Therefore, enhancing soil organic carbon as well as selecting the right tillage methods that improves soil condition is highly needed. A field experiment was conducted at the training and research farm in the Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, to investigate the effect of groundnut shells as soil amendment using different tillage implements on growth and yield of rain-fed sorghum. The treatments consisted of three groundnut shell rates (0 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) and three types of tillage implements viz. cultivator, rotavator and offset disc harrow. The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha). Water holding capacity and soil water storage were significantly affected by different tillage implements. Both cultivator and the offset disc harrow had higher values of water holding capacity and soil water storage in comparison with the rotavator. However, the effect of different groundnut shell rates and tillage implements on soil organic carbon was not significant. Moreover, the application of groundnut shell compared to non-application had a positive influence on sorghum plant height, stem girth, leaf area index and days to 50% heading; as well as it is increased both sorghum grain and stover yield by 20.9% and 17.3%, respectively, at 10 t/ha rate and by 13.5% and 10.9%, respectively, at the rate of 5 t/ha. On the other hand, the tillage implements did not show a significant effect on the sorghum growth and yield attributes except on 1000 seed weight, where it was higher under rotavator followed by cultivator.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell application significantly decreased soil bulk density compared with no application.
- Treatment
- groundnut shellse1
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
e2“investigate the effect of groundnut shells as soil amendment using different tillage implements on growth and yield of rain-fed sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell application increased soil water storage compared with no application.
- Treatment
- groundnut shellse1
- Outcome
- soil water storagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
e2“investigate the effect of groundnut shells as soil amendment using different tillage implements on growth and yield of rain-fed sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivator and offset disc harrow had higher water holding capacity and soil water storage than the rotavator.
- Treatment
- different tillage implementse3
- Outcome
- water holding capacity and soil water storagee3
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- rotavatore4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Water holding capacity and soil water storage were significantly affected by different tillage implements”
e4“Both cultivator and the offset disc harrow had higher values of water holding capacity and soil water storage in comparison with the rotavator”
e2“investigate the effect of groundnut shells as soil amendment using different tillage implements on growth and yield of rain-fed sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell rates and tillage implements did not significantly change soil organic carbon.
- Treatment
- groundnut shell rates and tillage implementse5
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“However, the effect of different groundnut shell rates and tillage implements on soil organic carbon was not significant”
e2“investigate the effect of groundnut shells as soil amendment using different tillage implements on growth and yield of rain-fed sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell application had a positive influence on sorghum plant height, stem girth and leaf area index.
- Treatment
- application of groundnut shelle6
- Outcome
- plant height, stem girth, leaf area indexe6
- Direction
- positive influencee6
- Comparator
- non-applicatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the application of groundnut shell compared to non-application had a positive influence on sorghum plant height, stem girth, leaf area index and days to 50% heading”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell application had a positive influence on days to 50% heading of sorghum.
- Treatment
- application of groundnut shelle6
- Outcome
- days to 50% headinge6
- Direction
- positive influencee6
- Comparator
- non-applicatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the application of groundnut shell compared to non-application had a positive influence on sorghum plant height, stem girth, leaf area index and days to 50% heading”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell at 10 t/ha increased sorghum grain yield by 20.9%.
- Treatment
- 10 t/ha ratee7
- Outcome
- sorghum graine7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 20.9%e7
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is increased both sorghum grain and stover yield by 20.9% and 17.3%, respectively, at 10 t/ha rate and by 13.5% and 10.9%, respectively, at the rate of 5 t/ha”
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell at 10 t/ha increased sorghum stover yield by 17.3%.
- Treatment
- 10 t/ha ratee7
- Outcome
- stover yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 17.3%e7
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is increased both sorghum grain and stover yield by 20.9% and 17.3%, respectively, at 10 t/ha rate and by 13.5% and 10.9%, respectively, at the rate of 5 t/ha”
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell at 5 t/ha increased sorghum grain yield by 13.5%.
- Treatment
- the rate of 5 t/hae7
- Outcome
- sorghum graine7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 13.5%e7
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is increased both sorghum grain and stover yield by 20.9% and 17.3%, respectively, at 10 t/ha rate and by 13.5% and 10.9%, respectively, at the rate of 5 t/ha”
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut shell at 5 t/ha increased sorghum stover yield by 10.9%.
- Treatment
- the rate of 5 t/hae7
- Outcome
- stover yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 10.9%e7
- Comparator
- non-application (0 t/ha)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is increased both sorghum grain and stover yield by 20.9% and 17.3%, respectively, at 10 t/ha rate and by 13.5% and 10.9%, respectively, at the rate of 5 t/ha”
e1“The results showed the application of groundnut shells significantly decreased the values of soil bulk density and increased soil water storage compared to non-application (0 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage implements did not significantly affect sorghum growth and yield attributes.
- Treatment
- tillage implementse7
- Outcome
- sorghum growth and yield attributese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the tillage implements did not show a significant effect on the sorghum growth and yield attributes except on 1000 seed weight, where it was higher under rotavator followed by cultivator”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage implements gave higher 1000 seed weight under rotavator, followed by cultivator.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the tillage implements did not show a significant effect on the sorghum growth and yield attributes except on 1000 seed weight, where it was higher under rotavator followed by cultivator”
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