Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is an important cash crop, yet the production is significantly compromised by continuous cropping. Beneficial microbial inoculation offers a promising strategy to alleviate the stresses through rhizosphere modulation and host physiological reprogramming. This study evaluated the efficacy of two biological control agents, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum), in promoting mungbean growth under continuous-cropping conditions. Both individual applications of B. subtilis and T. harzianum significantly improved plant biomass, root system architecture, and yield. Combined metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to unravel the underlying mechanisms. According to metagenomic analysis, both B. subtilis and T. harzianum were responsible for significant changes in beta diversity without significantly affecting the alpha diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community. T. harzianum recruited Chitinophagaceae unclassified, Abditibacterium, Hydrogenophilaceae unclassified, Methylophilaceae unclassified, and Chimaeribacter, while Bs recruited Candidatus Saccharibacteria unclassified. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that T. harzianum induced more extensive transcriptional reprogramming than B. subtilis. The enrichment analysis revealed both shared and distinct responses triggered by the two treatments. These findings suggest that B. subtilis and T. harzianum alleviate continuous-cropping stress through distinct yet complementary mechanisms involving rhizosphere microbiome modulation and mungbean transcriptional reprogramming. This study provides a sustainable strategy for legume cultivation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis improved biomass, root architecture and yield.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat1 - Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant biomass, root system architecture, and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Both individual applications of B. subtilis and T. harzianum significantly improved plant biomass, root system architecture, and yield.”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum improved biomass, root architecture and yield.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant biomass, root system architecture, and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both individual applications of B. subtilis and T. harzianum significantly improved plant biomass, root system architecture, and yield.”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Both inoculants changed rhizosphere beta diversity significantly.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- beta diversitye0
- Direction
- changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both B. subtilis and T. harzianum were responsible for significant changes in beta diversity without significantly affecting the alpha diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community.”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither inoculant significantly affected rhizosphere alpha diversity.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- alpha diversity of the rhizosphere microbial communitye0
- Direction
- without significantly affectinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both B. subtilis and T. harzianum were responsible for significant changes in beta diversity without significantly affecting the alpha diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community.”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum recruited five named microbial groups.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- recruited Chitinophagaceae unclassified, Abditibacterium, Hydrogenophilaceae unclassified, Methylophilaceae unclassified, and Chimaeribactere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum recruited Chitinophagaceae unclassified, Abditibacterium, Hydrogenophilaceae unclassified, Methylophilaceae unclassified, and Chimaeribacter”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bs recruited Candidatus Saccharibacteria unclassified.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Interactor
- Bse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- recruited Candidatus Saccharibacteria unclassifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bs recruited Candidatus Saccharibacteria unclassified”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum induced more extensive transcriptional reprogramming than B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- transcriptional reprogramminge0
- Direction
- more extensivee0
- Comparator
- B. subtilise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum induced more extensive transcriptional reprogramming than B. subtilis.”
t1“Mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
The two inoculants triggered shared and distinct enrichment responses.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat1
- Outcome
- shared and distinct responsese0
- Qualifier
- two treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enrichment analysis revealed both shared and distinct responses triggered by the two treatments.”
t1“Mungbean”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.