Abstract
Continuous cultivation and excessive chemical fertilizer use have led to increased soil compaction in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, significantly hindering plant growth and development. Organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content, aeration, and overall soil environments, thereby promoting healthy plant growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on peanut growth under compaction stress are still elusive. To investigate the responses of peanut root traits, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure to organic fertilizer substitution under soil compaction, a pot experiment was conducted using two compaction levels (1.2 and 1.6 g/cm 3 ) and three organic fertilizer rates (0, 120, 240 g/pot) in Laixi, Shandong Province, a major peanut producing area. Results showed that organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass, height, stem diameter, and nodule fresh weight during the flowering and podding stages. Root traits including total root length, total surface area, and root volume, were significantly increased, especially at the podding stage (p < 0.05). The number of xylem vessels increased under 1.2 g/cm 3 compaction but showed no significant change under 1.6 g/cm 3 . Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents increased with higher fertilizer rates. Distance-based redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were affected by soil physical and chemical properties. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) indicated that soil organic matter was positively correlated with soil enzyme activity, which indirectly enhanced fungal diversity, while bacterial diversity showed negative correlation with soil organic matter. In conclusion, applying organic fertilizer in accordance with soil compaction levels offers an efficient strategy to improve soil microbial structure, enhance soil fertility, and promote peanut growth under compacted field conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased peanut biomass, height and stem diameter at flowering and podding.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Organ / stage
- flowering and podding stagese0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant biomass, height, stem diametere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass, height, stem diameter, and nodule fresh weight during the flowering and podding stages”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly improved nodule fresh weight at flowering and podding.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- flowering and podding stagese0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nodule fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass, height, stem diameter, and nodule fresh weight during the flowering and podding stages”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly increased total root length, surface area and volume, especially at podding.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Organ / stage
- podding stagee0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- total root length, total surface area, and root volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root traits including total root length, total surface area, and root volume, were significantly increased, especially at the podding stage (p < 0.05)”
e1“organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass”
e2“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased xylem vessel number at 1.2 g/cm 3 compaction.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- number of xylem vesselse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1.2 g/cm 3 compactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of xylem vessels increased under 1.2 g/cm 3 compaction”
e1“organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass”
e2“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem vessel number did not significantly change at 1.6 g/cm 3 compaction.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae3
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere2
- Outcome
- number of xylem vesselse1
- Direction
- no significant changee0
- Qualifier
- 1.6 g/cm 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed no significant change under 1.6 g/cm 3”
e1“The number of xylem vessels increased under 1.2 g/cm 3 compaction”
e2“organic fertilizer significantly improved plant biomass”
e3“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil phosphorus and potassium increased with higher fertilizer rates.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- higher fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- Soil available phosphorus and potassium contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents increased with higher fertilizer rates”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities varied with soil physical and chemical properties.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communitiese0
- Qualifier
- soil physical and chemical propertiese0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were affected by soil physical and chemical properties”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter was positively correlated with soil enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Compound
- soil organic mattere0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil organic matter was positively correlated with soil enzyme activity”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil enzyme activity indirectly enhanced fungal diversity in the path model.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- fungal diversitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- soil enzyme activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil enzyme activity, which indirectly enhanced fungal diversity”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial diversity was negatively correlated with soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Compound
- soil organic mattere0
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial diversity showed negative correlation with soil organic matter”
e1“peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend matching organic fertilizer application to soil compaction to improve soil and peanut growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- applying organic fertilizer in accordance with soil compaction levelse0
- Outcome
- improve soil microbial structure, enhance soil fertility, and promote peanut growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying organic fertilizer in accordance with soil compaction levels offers an efficient strategy to improve soil microbial structure, enhance soil fertility, and promote peanut growth under compacted field conditions”
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