Abstract
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that severely impairs plant growth and productivity by disrupting cellular homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of foliar-applied 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) on antioxidant capacity and redox coordination in Cd-stressed Glycine max (L.) through integrated physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Seedlings were grown hydroponically and exposed to 20 or 40 mg L − 1 Cd for 10 days, while 1 µM EBL was applied as a foliar treatment. Increasing Cd concentrations reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contents, whereas Cd accumulation in leaves increased markedly. The combined application of Cd and EBL significantly improved shoot growth and pigment contents compared to plants treated with Cd alone. Cadmium stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, while co-application of EBL significantly decreased these oxidative markers. Exposure to Cd stimulated the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, with EBL application further enhancing these activities, particularly at 20 mg L − 1 Cd. In addition, EBL promoted the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants, including proline, phenolics, and flavonoids. Transcriptional analysis revealed that EBL coordinately regulates antioxidant-related gene expression, supporting a gene-specific response under Cd stress. Overall, foliar application of EBL strengthened antioxidant defences and maintained redox homeostasis, thereby improving soybean tolerance, particularly at the lower Cd concentration.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd concentrations reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contents in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Increasing Cd concentrationse1
- Outcome
- plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contentse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Increasing Cd concentrations reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contents, whereas Cd accumulation in leaves increased markedly”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulation in soybean leaves increased markedly with increasing Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- Increasing Cd concentrationse1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in leavese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Increasing Cd concentrations reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contents, whereas Cd accumulation in leaves increased markedly”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Cd and EBL application significantly improved shoot growth and pigment contents compared with Cd alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- combined application of Cd and EBLe2
- Outcome
- shoot growth and pigment contentse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- plants treated with Cd alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e2“The combined application of Cd and EBL significantly improved shoot growth and pigment contents compared to plants treated with Cd alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse3
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levelse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e3“Cadmium stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, while co-application of EBL significantly decreased these oxidative markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of EBL significantly decreased these oxidative markers in Cd-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- co-application of EBLe3
- Outcome
- these oxidative markerse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e3“Cadmium stress increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, while co-application of EBL significantly decreased these oxidative markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure stimulated the activities of key antioxidant enzymes in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Exposure to Cde4
- Outcome
- activities of key antioxidant enzymese4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e4“Exposure to Cd stimulated the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, with EBL application further enhancing these activities, particularly at 20 mg L − 1 Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL application further enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly at 20 mg/L Cd.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- EBL applicatione4
- Outcome
- these activitiese4
- Direction
- enhancinge4
- Qualifier
- particularly at 20 mg L − 1 Cde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e4“Exposure to Cd stimulated the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, with EBL application further enhancing these activities, particularly at 20 mg L − 1 Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL promoted the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- EBLe5
- Compound
- proline, phenolics, and flavonoidse5
- Outcome
- accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidantse5
- Direction
- promotede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e5“EBL promoted the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants, including proline, phenolics, and flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL coordinately regulates antioxidant-related gene expression in soybean under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- EBLe6
- Outcome
- antioxidant-related gene expressione6
- Qualifier
- gene-specific response under Cd stresse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e6“Transcriptional analysis revealed that EBL coordinately regulates antioxidant-related gene expression, supporting a gene-specific response under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar EBL strengthened antioxidant defences in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of EBLe7
- Outcome
- antioxidant defencese7
- Direction
- strengthenede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e7“foliar application of EBL strengthened antioxidant defences and maintained redox homeostasis, thereby improving soybean tolerance, particularly at the lower Cd concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar EBL maintained redox homeostasis in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of EBLe7
- Outcome
- redox homeostasise7
- Direction
- maintainede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e7“foliar application of EBL strengthened antioxidant defences and maintained redox homeostasis, thereby improving soybean tolerance, particularly at the lower Cd concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar EBL improved soybean tolerance, particularly at the lower Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of EBLe7
- Outcome
- soybean tolerancee7
- Direction
- improvinge7
- Qualifier
- particularly at the lower Cd concentratione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e7“foliar application of EBL strengthened antioxidant defences and maintained redox homeostasis, thereby improving soybean tolerance, particularly at the lower Cd concentration”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.