Abstract
Abstract Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) represents a major constraint for cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cultivation. However, the metabolic basis underlying CPSMV resistance remains poorly understood. Given the importance of metabolism for plant defence against pathogens, we hypothesized that cowpea resistance to CPSMV is associated to the activation of defence-related pathways from both primary and secondary metabolisms. We investigated the metabolic dynamics associated with CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo using a time-resolved, network-based metabolomics approach. Conventional RT-PCR suggests that the intensity of the CPSMV coat protein band increased in the first eight H ours A fter CPSMV I noculation (HAI) but appeared reduced in the following 72 HAI. Metabolomic analyses revealed that CPSMV infection had little impact on secondary metabolism, whereas several primary metabolites were significantly altered over time. Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves. Network analysis indicated that overall metabolic network density and heterogeneity remained relatively stable during infection. However, a highly connected metabolic module composed of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) isoleucine, leucine, and valine emerged in infected leaves. Our results indicate that CPSMV infection reshapes primary metabolic dynamics without extensive alterations in secondary metabolism during early infection in cowpea leaves. Despite these metabolic adjustments, the overall metabolic network structure remained stable, suggesting that a robust metabolic reprograming, including the activation of BCAA-associated pathways, may help buffer viral perturbation in cowpea leaves.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
CPSMV coat protein band intensity rose over the first eight hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cowpea leaves
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- Macaibot1
- Interactor
- CPSMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- intensity of the CPSMV coat protein bande0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intensity of the CPSMV coat protein band increased in the first eight H ours A fter CPSMV I noculation (HAI)”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
CPSMV coat protein band intensity appeared lower over the following 72 hours.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- reducede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but appeared reduced in the following 72 HAI”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
CPSMV infection had little impact on cowpea secondary metabolism.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectione0
- Interactor
- CPSMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- secondary metabolisme0
- Direction
- little impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPSMV infection had little impact on secondary metabolism”
t0“cowpea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Several primary metabolites changed significantly over time during CPSMV infection.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- primary metabolitese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several primary metabolites were significantly altered over time”
t0“cowpea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumarate and pyruvate transiently increased at 48 HAI relative to mock-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectiont1
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- fumarate, pyruvatee0
- Direction
- Transient increasese0
- Qualifier
- 48 HAIe0
- Comparator
- mock-treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanine, asparagine, and glutamine transiently increased at 48 HAI relative to mock-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectiont1
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- alanine, asparagine, glutaminee0
- Direction
- Transient increasese0
- Qualifier
- 48 HAIe0
- Comparator
- mock-treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate, isoleucine, and leucine transiently increased at 48 HAI relative to mock-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectiont1
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- glutamate, isoleucine, leucinee0
- Direction
- Transient increasese0
- Qualifier
- 48 HAIe0
- Comparator
- mock-treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline, serine, and threonine transiently increased at 48 HAI relative to mock-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectiont1
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- proline, serine, threoninee0
- Direction
- Transient increasese0
- Qualifier
- 48 HAIe0
- Comparator
- mock-treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
Valine transiently increased at 48 HAI relative to mock-treated leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- CPSMV infectiont1
- Interactor
- CPSMVt1pathogen
- Outcome
- valinee0
- Direction
- Transient increasese0
- Qualifier
- 48 HAIe0
- Comparator
- mock-treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient increases in fumarate, pyruvate, and several amino acids, including alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine, were observed at 48 HAI compared with mock-treated leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
t1“CPSMV infection in the resistant cowpea genotype Macaibo”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall metabolic network density and heterogeneity stayed relatively stable during infection.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- metabolic network density and heterogeneitye0
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall metabolic network density and heterogeneity remained relatively stable during infection”
t0“cowpea leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A connected branched-chain amino acid module emerged in infected cowpea leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpea leavesVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- highly connected metabolic module composed of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) isoleucine, leucine, and valinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a highly connected metabolic module composed of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) isoleucine, leucine, and valine emerged in infected leaves”
t0“cowpea leaves”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: metabolites · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.