Abstract
Fortified farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with secondary and micronutrients were prepared, and its effects on mitigating the decline in soil health, nutrient availability, and yield levels in Indian mustard under calcareous soil were assessed. FYM at 10 tonnes ha-1 and FYM (500 kg ha-1) fortified with 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe significantly improved seed yield and growth parameters of mustard. However, the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.22) with a seed yield of 28.72 q ha-1 was obtained under the application of half dose of the recommended levels of secondary and micronutrient, i.e., 2.5 kg Zn + 1 kg B + 5 kg Fe + 10 g S enriched FYM 500 kg ha-1. This indicates that application of a balanced amount of micro and secondary nutrients through 500 kg FYM improved mustard yield and economic return to the farmers. Nutrient enrichment with micro and secondary nutrients at the rate of 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (56.46% SMB-C), soil organic carbon (SOC) (17.13%), and microbial biomass nitrogen (71.14% MBN) over the control. Moreover, nutrient fortification significantly improved the dehydrogenase activity (56.27%), alkaline phosphatase (101.44%) and aryl sulphatase (73.7%) in soil over control. The availability of S, Zn, Fe, and boron rose by 17.74%, 127.68%, 43.41%, and 52.76%, respectively, compared to the control. The utilization of FYM enriched with secondary and micronutrients at the rate of FYM 500 kg ha-1 is an effective technological strategy to improve soil health and production of Indian mustard in semi-arid environments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 10 tonnes per hectare significantly improved seed yield and growth parameters of mustard.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- FYM at 10 tonnes ha-1e1
- Outcome
- seed yield and growth parameterse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“FYM at 10 tonnes ha-1 and FYM (500 kg ha-1) fortified with 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe significantly improved seed yield and growth parameters of mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM at 500 kg per hectare fortified with secondary and micronutrients significantly improved seed yield and growth parameters of mustard.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- FYM (500 kg ha-1) fortified with 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fee1
- Outcome
- seed yield and growth parameterse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“FYM at 10 tonnes ha-1 and FYM (500 kg ha-1) fortified with 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe significantly improved seed yield and growth parameters of mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-dose micro and secondary nutrient enriched FYM gave the highest benefit-cost ratio, 4.22.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn + 1 kg B + 5 kg Fe + 10 g S enriched FYM 500 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4.22e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.22) with a seed yield of 28.72 q ha-1 was obtained under the application of half dose of the recommended levels of secondary and micronutrient, i.e., 2.5 kg Zn + 1 kg B + 5 kg Fe + 10 g S enriched FYM 500 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Half-dose micro and secondary nutrient enriched FYM gave a seed yield of 28.72 q per hectare.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg Zn + 1 kg B + 5 kg Fe + 10 g S enriched FYM 500 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Value
- 28.72 q ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.22) with a seed yield of 28.72 q ha-1 was obtained under the application of half dose of the recommended levels of secondary and micronutrient, i.e., 2.5 kg Zn + 1 kg B + 5 kg Fe + 10 g S enriched FYM 500 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient enriched FYM significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon over the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass carbone1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 56.46%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“Nutrient enrichment with micro and secondary nutrients at the rate of 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (56.46% SMB-C), soil organic carbon (SOC) (17.13%), and microbial biomass nitrogen (71.14% MBN) over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient enriched FYM significantly increased soil organic carbon over the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17.13%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“Nutrient enrichment with micro and secondary nutrients at the rate of 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (56.46% SMB-C), soil organic carbon (SOC) (17.13%), and microbial biomass nitrogen (71.14% MBN) over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient enriched FYM significantly increased microbial biomass nitrogen over the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- microbial biomass nitrogene1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 71.14%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“Nutrient enrichment with micro and secondary nutrients at the rate of 5.0 kg Zn + 2 kg B + 10 kg Fe + 20 kg S enriched FYM @ 500 kg ha-1 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (56.46% SMB-C), soil organic carbon (SOC) (17.13%), and microbial biomass nitrogen (71.14% MBN) over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient fortification significantly improved soil dehydrogenase activity over control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- nutrient fortificatione1
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 56.27%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“nutrient fortification significantly improved the dehydrogenase activity (56.27%), alkaline phosphatase (101.44%) and aryl sulphatase (73.7%) in soil over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient fortification significantly improved soil alkaline phosphatase over control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- nutrient fortificatione1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 101.44%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“nutrient fortification significantly improved the dehydrogenase activity (56.27%), alkaline phosphatase (101.44%) and aryl sulphatase (73.7%) in soil over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient fortification significantly improved soil aryl sulphatase over control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- nutrient fortificatione1
- Outcome
- aryl sulphatasee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 73.7%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“nutrient fortification significantly improved the dehydrogenase activity (56.27%), alkaline phosphatase (101.44%) and aryl sulphatase (73.7%) in soil over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil availability of S rose by 17.74% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- availabilitye1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Value
- 17.74%e1
- Qualifier
- Se1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“The availability of S, Zn, Fe, and boron rose by 17.74%, 127.68%, 43.41%, and 52.76%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil availability of Zn rose by 127.68% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- availabilitye1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Value
- 127.68%e1
- Qualifier
- Zne1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“The availability of S, Zn, Fe, and boron rose by 17.74%, 127.68%, 43.41%, and 52.76%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil availability of Fe rose by 43.41% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- availabilitye1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Value
- 43.41%e1
- Qualifier
- Fee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“The availability of S, Zn, Fe, and boron rose by 17.74%, 127.68%, 43.41%, and 52.76%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil availability of boron rose by 52.76% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- availabilitye1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Value
- 52.76%e1
- Qualifier
- borone1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“production of Indian mustard”
e1“The availability of S, Zn, Fe, and boron rose by 17.74%, 127.68%, 43.41%, and 52.76%, respectively, compared to the control”
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