Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is widespread in plants, yet the extent to which it yields predictable phenotypic outcomes remains unclear. Here, we show that the phenotypic consequences of genome doubling in a duckweed model system, Spirodela polyrhiza, are highly repeatable and largely deterministic. We previously generated three independent colchicine-induced autotetraploids from each of nine globally distributed diploid genotypes and now quantified growth and morphology across a salt gradient. In benign conditions, diploids grew faster, whereas tetraploids had larger, thicker fronds. As salinity increased, the diploid growth advantage diminished, and tetraploids frequently matched or exceeded diploid growth rates. By partitioning the components of variance in growth in our experimental design, we found that ploidy per se explained a comparable amount of phenotypic variation in growth and substantially more variation in salt tolerance than the genotypic background, with evidence of rare within-genotype stochastic differences between tetraploids. These results indicate that the shifts in morphology and stress tolerance from genome doubling are predictable and can match the phenotypic effect from genetic sequence diversity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In benign conditions diploid Spirodela polyrhiza grew faster than tetraploids.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhiza
Spirodela polyrhizat0 - Treatment
- tetraploidse0
- Outcome
- grewe0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- diploidse0
- Setting
- benign conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In benign conditions, diploids grew faster, whereas tetraploids had larger, thicker fronds”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
In benign conditions tetraploids had larger, thicker fronds than diploids.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Treatment
- tetraploidse0
- Outcome
- frondse0
- Direction
- larger, thickere0
- Comparator
- diploidse0
- Setting
- benign conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In benign conditions, diploids grew faster, whereas tetraploids had larger, thicker fronds”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
As salinity increased, the diploid growth advantage over tetraploids diminished.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Treatment
- salinity increasede0
- Outcome
- diploid growth advantagee0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As salinity increased, the diploid growth advantage diminished, and tetraploids frequently matched or exceeded diploid growth rates”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
As salinity increased, tetraploids frequently matched or exceeded diploid growth rates.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Treatment
- salinity increasede0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- matched or exceedede0
- Comparator
- diploide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As salinity increased, the diploid growth advantage diminished, and tetraploids frequently matched or exceeded diploid growth rates”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy per se explained a comparable amount of phenotypic variation in growth as the genotypic background.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Treatment
- ploidy per see0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variation in growthe0
- Comparator
- the genotypic backgrounde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ploidy per se explained a comparable amount of phenotypic variation in growth and substantially more variation in salt tolerance than the genotypic background”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy per se explained substantially more variation in salt tolerance than the genotypic background.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Treatment
- ploidy per see0
- Outcome
- variation in salt tolerancee0
- Comparator
- the genotypic backgrounde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ploidy per se explained a comparable amount of phenotypic variation in growth and substantially more variation in salt tolerance than the genotypic background”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
There was evidence of rare within-genotype stochastic differences between tetraploids.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Outcome
- within-genotype stochastic differences between tetraploidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with evidence of rare within-genotype stochastic differences between tetraploids”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
The phenotypic consequences of genome doubling in Spirodela polyrhiza are highly repeatable and largely deterministic.
- Taxon
- Spirodela polyrhizaSpirodela polyrhizat0
- Outcome
- phenotypic consequences of genome doublinge0
- Qualifier
- highly repeatable and largely deterministice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenotypic consequences of genome doubling in a duckweed model system, Spirodela polyrhiza, are highly repeatable and largely deterministic”
t0“Spirodela polyrhiza”