Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) of the genus Meloidogyne are major plant pests causing severe crop losses. Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have emerged as promising biopesticides. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two fungal VOCs, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone, on nematode survival in five Meloidogyne species (M. incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, M. arenaria, and M. luci) in plate assays. Results showed near-complete (95–100%) J2 mortality at 500–1000 ppm within 24 h. At lower concentrations, mobility declined, and species-dependent differences were observed: 1-octen-3-ol was more effective against M. arenaria. Meanwhile, 3-octanone showed stronger effects only on M. hapla and moderate effects on M. incognita and M. javanica. Further experiments using solely M. javanica showed that egg differentiation was significantly inhibited at 7, 14, and 21 days, with up to an 80% reduction at 1000 ppm, and the effects persisted at 125 ppm. Egg hatching from egg masses was reduced by up to 95% in a concentration-dependent manner, irrespective of compound type. Soil-like microcosm assays resulted in substantial reductions in recovered juveniles, with over 90% reduction at 125 ppm after 24 h, suggesting sustained effects under the tested conditions. In more complex plant–soil greenhouse conditions, effects were reduced, although decreasing trends in nematode infection were observed. Overall, these results indicate that fungal VOCs exhibit strong effects on different nematode life stages under controlled conditions, highlighting 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone as promising candidates for further evaluation in nematode management strategies.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal volatiles produced 95–100% juvenile nematode mortality at 500–1000 ppm within 24 h.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 500–1000 ppme0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynet0peste0 - Outcome
- J2 mortalitye0
- Direction
- near-completee0
- Value
- 95–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results showed near-complete (95–100%) J2 mortality at 500–1000 ppm within 24 h.”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Juvenile mobility declined at lower volatile concentrations.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- lower concentrationse0
- Interactor
- MeloidogyneMeloidogynet0peste0
- Outcome
- mobilitye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At lower concentrations, mobility declined”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
1-octen-3-ol was more effective against M. arenaria.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 1-octen-3-ole0
- Interactor
- M. arenaria
.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne arenariae0pest - Outcome
- effective against M. arenariae0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“1-octen-3-ol was more effective against M. arenaria.”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
3-octanone had stronger effects on M. hapla.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 3-octanonee0
- Interactor
- M. hapla
Meloidogyne haplae0pest - Outcome
- effects only on M. haplae0
- Direction
- strongere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-octanone showed stronger effects only on M. hapla”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
3-octanone had moderate effects on M. incognita.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 3-octanonet0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- effects on M. incognitae0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate effects on M. incognita and M. javanica”
t0“Inhibitory Effects of 3-Octanone and 1-Octen-3-ol on Juvenile Survival, Egg Development, and Egg-Mass Hatching in Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
3-octanone had moderate effects on M. javanica.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 3-octanonet0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pest
- Outcome
- moderate effectse0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“moderate effects on M. incognita and M. javanica”
t0“Inhibitory Effects of 3-Octanone and 1-Octen-3-ol on Juvenile Survival, Egg Development, and Egg-Mass Hatching in Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile exposure significantly inhibited M. javanica egg differentiation by as much as 80% at 1000 ppm.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 1000 ppme0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae2peste0
- Outcome
- egg differentiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“egg differentiation was significantly inhibited at 7, 14, and 21 days, with up to an 80% reduction at 1000 ppm”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
e2“Further experiments using solely M. javanica showed that egg differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects on M. javanica egg differentiation persisted at 125 ppm.
Verbatim
e0“the effects persisted at 125 ppm.”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
e2“Further experiments using solely M. javanica showed that egg differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg-mass hatching decreased up to 95% with concentration regardless of volatile type.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- compound typee0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae2peste0
- Outcome
- Egg hatching from egg massese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Egg hatching from egg masses was reduced by up to 95% in a concentration-dependent manner, irrespective of compound type.”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
e2“Further experiments using solely M. javanica showed that egg differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Microcosms yielded over 90% fewer recovered juveniles at 125 ppm after 24 h.
- Taxon
- plante1
- Treatment
- 125 ppme0
- Interactor
- MeloidogyneMeloidogynet0peste0
- Outcome
- recovered juvenilese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- over 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil-like microcosm assays resulted in substantial reductions in recovered juveniles, with over 90% reduction at 125 ppm after 24 h”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
e1“plant–soil greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile effects were reduced in greenhouse plant–soil conditions.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- MeloidogyneMeloidogynet0peste0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In more complex plant–soil greenhouse conditions, effects were reduced”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode infection showed decreasing trends in plant–soil greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- MeloidogyneMeloidogynet0peste0
- Outcome
- nematode infectione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In more complex plant–soil greenhouse conditions, effects were reduced, although decreasing trends in nematode infection were observed.”
t0“Meloidogyne Species”