Abstract
Understanding the internal translocation of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) within the soil–plant continuum is crucial for elucidating their mechanistic roles in plant growth adaptation. We investigated these processes in the Suaeda salsa across a natural salinity gradient in the Yellow River Delta coastal wetlands. Using field surveys, we quantified Na and K enrichment and translocation coefficients among soil, roots, stems, and leaves. The correlation analysis and Random Forest modeling were then employed to identify the key drivers linking these ion dynamics to plant morphological traits (height, density, biomass). Results revealed a pronounced Na compartmentalization, with leaves acting as the primary sink (enrichment coefficient = 5.62), exhibiting values 4.68- and 3.81-fold higher than roots and stems, respectively. In contrast, K enrichment levels remained relatively stable across plant organs (roots: 0.50; stems: 0.57; and leaves: 0.62). Internal Na+ loading in stems and leaves positively correlated with leaf Na enrichment. Conversely, high soil Na suppressed both leaf Na enrichment and stem-to-leaf K translocation, while elevated soil K reduced K enrichment in all organs and soil-to-root Na translocation. Critically, plant height was negatively correlated with Na-K enrichment coefficients in all organs. Population density and biomass were specifically linked to stem-related Na dynamics (stem-leaf Na translocation and stem Na enrichment), with K translocation showing no significant relationship. The Random Forest model identified the stem K enrichment coefficient, leaf K content and its enrichment coefficient, and stem Na content as the most influential coefficients governing plant growth (relative importance: 6.37~12.82%). We conclude that the growth adaptation of S. salsa in this coastal ecosystem is driven by a synergistic yet organ-specific regulation of Na and K translocation and homeostasis. These findings provide a mechanistic physiological basis for informing ecological restoration strategies of S. salsa wetlands and support the sustainable management of estuarine ecosystems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves were the main sink for Na in Suaeda salsa, with a leaf Na enrichment coefficient of 5.62.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsa
Suaeda salsat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- Na compartmentalizatione1
- Value
- 5.62e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“a pronounced Na compartmentalization, with leaves acting as the primary sink (enrichment coefficient = 5.62)”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf Na enrichment coefficient was 4.68-fold higher than that of roots in Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- enrichment coefficiente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4.68-e1
- Comparator
- rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“leaves acting as the primary sink (enrichment coefficient = 5.62), exhibiting values 4.68- and 3.81-fold higher than roots and stems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf Na enrichment coefficient was 3.81-fold higher than that of stems in Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- enrichment coefficiente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 3.81-folde1
- Comparator
- stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“leaves acting as the primary sink (enrichment coefficient = 5.62), exhibiting values 4.68- and 3.81-fold higher than roots and stems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium enrichment in roots of Suaeda salsa remained relatively stable across organs, at 0.50.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- K enrichment levelse1
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee1
- Value
- 0.50e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“K enrichment levels remained relatively stable across plant organs (roots: 0.50; stems: 0.57; and leaves: 0.62)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium enrichment in stems of Suaeda salsa remained relatively stable across organs, at 0.57.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- stemse1
- Outcome
- K enrichment levelse1
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee1
- Value
- 0.57e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“K enrichment levels remained relatively stable across plant organs (roots: 0.50; stems: 0.57; and leaves: 0.62)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium enrichment in leaves of Suaeda salsa remained relatively stable across organs, at 0.62.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- K enrichment levelse1
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee1
- Value
- 0.62e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“K enrichment levels remained relatively stable across plant organs (roots: 0.50; stems: 0.57; and leaves: 0.62)”
Claim · model-written summary
Internal Na+ loading in stems and leaves was positively correlated with leaf Na enrichment in Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- stems and leavese1
- Outcome
- leaf Na enrichmente1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“Internal Na+ loading in stems and leaves positively correlated with leaf Na enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil Na suppressed leaf Na enrichment and stem-to-leaf K translocation in Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Treatment
- high soil Nae1
- Outcome
- leaf Na enrichment and stem-to-leaf K translocatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“high soil Na suppressed both leaf Na enrichment and stem-to-leaf K translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated soil K reduced K enrichment in all organs and soil-to-root Na translocation in Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Treatment
- elevated soil Ke1
- Outcome
- K enrichment in all organs and soil-to-root Na translocatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“elevated soil K reduced K enrichment in all organs and soil-to-root Na translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height of Suaeda salsa was negatively correlated with Na-K enrichment coefficients in all organs.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- all organse1
- Compound
- Na-K enrichment coefficientse1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“plant height was negatively correlated with Na-K enrichment coefficients in all organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Population density and biomass of Suaeda salsa were linked to stem-related Na dynamics (stem-leaf Na translocation and stem Na enrichment).
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Outcome
- Population density and biomasse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“Population density and biomass were specifically linked to stem-related Na dynamics (stem-leaf Na translocation and stem Na enrichment)”
Claim · model-written summary
K translocation showed no significant relationship with population density and biomass of Suaeda salsa.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Compound
- K translocatione1
- Outcome
- Population density and biomasse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“Population density and biomass were specifically linked to stem-related Na dynamics (stem-leaf Na translocation and stem Na enrichment), with K translocation showing no significant relationship”
Claim · model-written summary
A Random Forest model identified stem K enrichment coefficient, leaf K content and its enrichment coefficient, and stem Na content as the most influential coefficients governing plant growth, with relative importance of 6.37~12.82%.
- Taxon
- Suaeda salsaSuaeda salsat0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Value
- 6.37~12.82%e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Suaeda salsa”
e1“The Random Forest model identified the stem K enrichment coefficient, leaf K content and its enrichment coefficient, and stem Na content as the most influential coefficients governing plant growth (relative importance: 6.37~12.82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that growth adaptation of S. salsa is driven by synergistic, organ-specific regulation of Na and K translocation and homeostasis.
- Taxon
- S. salsaSuaeda salsae1
- Compound
- Na and Ke1
- Outcome
- growth adaptatione1
- Qualifier
- organ-specific regulatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the growth adaptation of S. salsa in this coastal ecosystem is driven by a synergistic yet organ-specific regulation of Na and K translocation and homeostasis”